tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84536381405920584552024-03-05T01:39:54.332-08:00bagus crimsonIn the 1960s a new band known as the Beatles burst on the pop music scene and changed it forever. Band members included George Harrison (1943-), John Lennon (1940-1980), Paul McCartney (1942-), and Ringo Starr (1940-). With the release of three anthologies in the mid-1990s, the group remained one of the best-selling of all time.georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453638140592058455.post-89772733928954166342011-03-15T18:27:00.000-07:002011-03-15T18:27:21.825-07:00music blues<i><b>Blues</b></i> adalah nama yang diberikan untuk kedua bentuk musik dan genre musik yang diciptakan terutama dalam Afrika-Amerika masyarakat di Deep South Amerika Serikat pada akhir abad ke-19 dari spirituil , lagu kerja , hollers lapangan , teriakan, dan narasi sederhana berirama balada . The blues di mana-mana... dalam bentuk <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz">jazz</a></i> , <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B">R&B</a></i> , dan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_n_roll&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rock n roll (halaman belum tersedia)">rock n roll</a></i> dicirikan oleh progresif kord tertentu dengan bar blues dua belas progresi akord yang paling umum dengan catatan biru , mencatat bahwa untuk tujuan ekspresif yang dinyanyikan atau dimainkan secara bertahap rata atau menekuk (minor 3 untuk 3 besar) sehubungan dengan lapangan dari skala besar.<br />
Genre blues didasarkan pada bentuk blues tetapi memiliki karakteristik lain seperti lirik tertentu, garis bass dan instrumen. Blues dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa subgenre mulai dari negara untuk blues perkotaan yang lebih atau kurang populer selama periode yang berbeda dari abad ke-20. Paling dikenal adalah Delta , Piedmont , dan gaya <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues_Chicago&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blues Chicago (halaman belum tersedia)">blues Chicago</a></i>. Perang Dunia II menandai transisi dari akustik ke electric blues dan pembukaan progresif musik blues ke khalayak yang lebih luas. Pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an, terbentuk suatu hibrida yang disebut revolusi <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues_rock&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blues rock (halaman belum tersedia)">blues rock</a></i>.<br />
Istilah "blues" mengacu pada "Blues Devil", yang berarti melankolis dan kesedihan, penggunaan awal istilah dalam pengertian ini ditemukan pada George Colman s 'satu babak sandiwara <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_Devils&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blue Devils (halaman belum tersedia)">Blue Devils</a></i> (1798). Meskipun penggunaan frase dalam musik Amerika Afrika mungkin lebih tua, telah dibuktikan sejak tahun 1912, ketika Hart Wand s '" Dallas Blues "menjadi hak cipta pertama komposisi blues. Lyrics frase sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan suasana hati tertekan .<br />
Musik <i>blues</i> berangkat dari musik-musik spiritual dan pujian yang muncul dari komunitas mantan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budak" title="Budak">budak-budak</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika">Afrika</a> di AS. Penggunaan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue_note&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blue note (halaman belum tersedia)">blue note</a></i> dan penerapan pola <i>call-and-response</i> (di mana dua kalimat diucapkan/dinyanyikan oleh dua orang secara berurutan dan kalimat keduanya bisa dianggap sebagai "jawaban" bagi kalimat pertama) dalam musik dan lirik lagu-lagu <i>blues</i> adalah bukti asal usulnya yang berpangkal di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Barat">Afrika Barat</a>. Di era kini banyak Blues Lovers lahir. Mereka menyimak, belajar, menulis, memainkan, dan bikin album.<br />
Musik <i>blues</i> mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_populer">musik populer</a> Amerika dan Barat yang baru, seperti dapat terlihat dalam aliran <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragtime&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ragtime (halaman belum tersedia)">ragtime</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz">jazz</a></i>, "<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues_rock&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blues rock (halaman belum tersedia)">blues rock</a>", "<a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electric_blues&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Electric blues (halaman belum tersedia)">electric blues</a>", <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bluegrass&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bluegrass (halaman belum tersedia)">bluegrass</a></i>, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll">rock and roll</a></i>, <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip-hop">hip-hop</a></i>, dan <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country" title="Country">country</a></i>, "<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae">reggae</a>", serta <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_rock">musik rock</a> konvensional.<br />
<b><i>Musisi</i> Blues <i>di Era Sekarang</i></b><br />
<ul><li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._C._Handy&action=edit&redlink=1" title="W. C. Handy (halaman belum tersedia)">W. C. Handy</a> (1873-1958), "Sesepuh <i>Blues</i>"</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bessie_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bessie Smith (halaman belum tersedia)">Bessie Smith</a> (1894-1937)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memphis_Minnie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Memphis Minnie (halaman belum tersedia)">Memphis Minnie</a> (1897-1973)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Ca%C3%B1izares&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alberto Cañizares (halaman belum tersedia)">Alberto Cañizares</a> (lahir tahun 1979)</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, (1901-1971)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisiana_Red&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Louisiana Red (halaman belum tersedia)">Louisiana Red</a> , (lahir tahun 1932)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miquelo_Ortiz&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Miquelo Ortiz (halaman belum tersedia)">Miquelo Ortiz</a> (lahir tahun 1977)</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Jordan">Louis Jordan</a> (1908-1975)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ibarra&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Daniel Ibarra (halaman belum tersedia)">Daniel Ibarra</a> (lahir tahun 1979)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Robert Johnson (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Johnson</a> (1909/1912-1938)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B._B._King&action=edit&redlink=1" title="B. B. King (halaman belum tersedia)">B. B. King</a> (lahir tahun 1925)</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles">Ray Charles</a>, (1930-2004)</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herry_Henger&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Herry Henger (halaman belum tersedia)">Herry Henger</a>, (lahir tahun 1971)</li>
</ul><i><b>Elektrik Blues</b></i> Pada tahun 1940-an beberapa seniman Chicago berbasis blues telah menggunakan amplifikasi, termasuk <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Lee_Williamson&action=edit&redlink=1" title="John Lee Williamson (halaman belum tersedia)">John Lee Williamson</a></i> dan <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Shine&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Johnny Shine (halaman belum tersedia)">Johnny Shine</a></i> . Awal rekaman dalam gaya baru dibuat pada tahun 1947 dan 1948 oleh musisi seperti <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Johnny Young (halaman belum tersedia)">Johnny Young</a></i> , <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floyd_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Floyd Jones (halaman belum tersedia)">Floyd Jones</a></i> , dan Snooky Pryor . Format ini disempurnakan oleh <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muddy_Waters&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Muddy Waters (halaman belum tersedia)">Muddy Waters</a></i> , yang digunakan berbagai kelompok-kelompok kecil yang menyediakan bagian ritme yang kuat dan harmonika kuat.Selain gitar listrik, harmonika , dan sebuah seksi ritme bass dan drum, beberapa pemain seperti <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JT_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" title="JT Brown (halaman belum tersedia)">JT Brown</a></i> yang bermain di <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elmore_James_band&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Elmore James band (halaman belum tersedia)">Elmore James band</a></i> s ', atau <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JB_Lenoir&action=edit&redlink=1" title="JB Lenoir (halaman belum tersedia)">JB Lenoir</a></i> 's juga menggunakan saksofon, sebagian besar sebagai mendukung instrumen. Little Walter , Sonny Boy Williamson (Rice Miller) dan Big Walter Horton adalah antara dikenal harmonika terbaik (disebut " kecapi "oleh musisi blues) pemain dari Chicago blues scene awal dan suara instrumen listrik dan harmonika sering dilihat sebagai karakteristik Chicago elektrik blues. Muddy Waters dan Elmore James dikenal untuk digunakan inovatif mereka slide gitar listrik. 'Wolf Howlin dan Muddy Waters adalah untuk mereka yang dalam, "sendu" suara. Bassist dan komposer Willie Dixon memainkan peran penting di Chicago blues scene.<br />
<i><b>Kronologi Blues</b></i><br />
1920 --- Vaudeville-blues-lst,. Blues catatan "Crazy Blues", Mamie Smith. Pada 1920-an, blues menjadi unsur utama Afrika Amerika dan Amerika musik populer, menjangkau khalayak melalui pengaturan Handy white dan betina klasik blues performer. Blues berkembang dari pertunjukan informal di bar-bar untuk hiburan di bioskop. Pertunjukan Blues diselenggarakan oleh Teater Pemilik bookers Asosiasi di klub malam seperti Cotton Club dan sendi Juke seperti bar di sepanjang Jalan Beale di Memphis. Beberapa perusahaan rekaman, seperti <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amerika_Record_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Amerika Record Corporation (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Record Corporation</a></i> , Okeh Records , dan Paramount Records , mulai merekam musik Amerika - Afrika.<br />
1920/1921/1922---lst. recordings by vaudeville-blues artists: <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></i> , <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucille_Hegamin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lucille Hegamin (halaman belum tersedia)">Lucille Hegamin</a></i> & Her Blue Flame Syncopators, etc. 1920/1921/1922---lst blues. Rekaman oleh vaudeville-seniman: <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></i> , <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucille_Hegamin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lucille Hegamin (halaman belum tersedia)">Lucille Hegamin</a></i> & Her Blue Flame Syncopators, dll<br />
1923 --- Ma Rainey dan Bessie Smith debut rekaman; juga Clara Smith, Henderson Rosa, dll Pertama pedesaan blues-artis untuk merekam beberapa instrumental gitar oleh Sylvester Weaver; termasuk "Guitar kain" yang beberapa tahun kemudian, Bob Wills & putih Nya Texas playboy diadaptasi sebagai negara musik klasik "Steel Guitar kain". 'Merekam lapangan' (yaitu dibuat di luar New York atau Chicago) dilakukan oleh Lucille Bogan, dalam gaya blues-vaudeville. 1924 --- lst. Lama Selatan JUG Band, dll Pertama 3 laki-laki, pedesaan, blues penyanyi untuk mendapatkan pada disk: Ed Andrews, Daddy pipa asap kompor & Papa Charlie Jackson.<br />
1925/1926---Blind Lemon Jefferson sulit 'pertama' blues penyanyi untuk merekam, juga Bo Weavil Jackson, Blind Blake & Mr Freddie Spruell, tanggal 1. Delta-gaya bluesman pada lilin. Juga Peg Leg Howell dari Georgia.<br />
1927 --- Blind Willie McTell & Barbekyu Bob rekaman debut - juga Frank Stokes, Memphis JUG Band. 1st. Penyanyi blues dari Carolina: Julius Daniels. Lucille Bogan blues perubahan gaya pedesaan baku.<br />
1928 --- Perekaman debut Tommy Johnson, Robert Wilkins, Cannon's JUG Stompers, Leroy Carr & Scrapper Blackwell, dll 1. blues using 'hokum' in the title, by Coley Jones & Dallas String Band. blues menggunakan 'hokum' dalam judul, oleh Coley Jones & Dallas String Band. And 1st. Dan 1. use of 'boogie woogie', by Pine Top Smith. Penggunaan 'boogie woogie', oleh Pine Top Smith.<br />
1929 --- Charley Patton 1. recording. rekaman. 1st. 1. version on wax of “Roll & Tumble Blues”, by Hambone Willie Newbern. versi pada lilin dari "Roll & Tumble Blues", oleh Willie Hambone Newbern. 1st. 1. record of”44 catatan "44 Blues”, by Lee Green. Blues ", oleh Green Lee. Memphis Minnie & Kansas Joe start recording. Memphis Minnie dan Kansas Joe mulai merekam.<br />
1930 --- Bukka White & Anak rekaman debut House; juga Peetie Wheatstraw. 1932 --- Paramount Records (mayor 'ras' label rekaman) go bust - pengurangan di semua sesi rekaman memperdalam Depresi Besar. Leadbelly sisi 1933, Perpustakaan Kongres; diawasi oleh John Lomax. 1934 --- Pertama kelompok Sante Fe dari pianis untuk merekam; dengan nama Rob Cooper. Cooper.<br />
1935---lst. Leadbelly's 1st. termasuk itu "belakangan Baby Please Don't Go"'s. Leadbelly 1. commercial records for ARC More urbanised blues appearing by such artists as Jazz Gillum, Washboard Sam, Big Bill Broonzy, etc. catatan komersial untuk ARC Lebih urbanisasi blues muncul dengan artis seperti Jazz Gillum, papan Sam, Big Bill Broonzy, dll<br />
1936---Robert Johnson's 1st. --- Robert Johnson 1936's 1. records. catatan. Lebih Texas blues pianis mendapatkan pada disk: Andy Boy, Pinetop Burkes, dll 1937 --- Pertama cakram oleh "Sonny Boy" John Lee Williamson, termasuk "Good Morning, Sekolah Girl". 1938 --- Big Joe Turner catatan dengan pria woogie boogie, Pete Johnson. 1st. gitar listrik dalam blues, dimainkan oleh jazzman putih, George Barnes; pada rekor oleh Jazz Gillum untuk label Bluebird.<br />
1941 --- lst. Catatan Lele Blues ", oleh Robert Petway, &" potong Saw ", oleh Tony Hollins. Kedua lagu berasal dari Tommy McClennan, yang juga direkam. Rekaman debut Boy 'Arthur' Big Crudup ('s mentor Presley). Muddy Water's 1st. Air berlumpur itu 1.Rekaman untuk Perpustakaan Kongres.<br />
1942 --- Strike dinyatakan oleh James Petrillo, Presiden Federasi Musisi Amerika (AFM) terhadap perusahaan rekaman & operator kotak Juke. Pemogokan + penjatahan yang ketat dari lak (digunakan dalam pembuatan 78's), efektif berhenti rekaman blues. Larangan Petrillo berlangsung sampai 1944; larangan berarti tidak ada studio rekaman untuk beberapa waktu.<br />
<i><b>Cross Road Blues</b></i><br />
"Cross Road Blues" adalah lagu Delta Blues penyanyi <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Robert Johnson (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Johnson</a></i> ; dirilis pada rpm catatan 78 di 1937 oleh Vocalion Records , katalog 3519.Versi asli tetap tidak dicetak setelah rilis awal sampai munculnya The Complete Rekaman di 1990 . Pada 1961 , produser Frank Driggs diganti yang sebelumnya belum pernah dirilis mengambil alternatif pada ulang pertama pekerjaan Johnson, bermain album lama Raja Delta Blues Singers . Karena signifikansi historis dari "Cross Blues Road," itu Induksi ke Grammy Hall of Fame di 1998 .<br />
Pada tanggal 10 Maret 1968, Cream mencatat versi hidup "Crossroads" dari kinerja mereka di <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ballroom_Winterland&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ballroom Winterland (halaman belum tersedia)">Ballroom Winterland</a></i> di San Francisco. Versi yang diatur oleh gitaris <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></i> , dan termasuk dua baris yang dipinjam dari itu "Johnson Riverside Traveling Blues Clapton gitar solo karyanya dari lagu itu bernama oleh salah satu kritikus rock solo hidup terbesar yang pernah. Kritikus yang sama juga bernama Bruce bass bermain bass live terbaik kinerja kedua.<br />
Ini mencakup Cream dari lagu itu ditempatkan di 409 pada tahun 2004 Daftar Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time , dan 3 pada tahun 2008 Lagu-lagu Guitar Terbesar Sepanjang Masa. The song also ranks 10 on Guitar World ' s 100 Greatest Guitar Solos. Lagu ini juga peringkat pada Guitar World s '100 . Versi cover dari versi ini adalah lagu dimainkan dalam musik video game <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_Hero">Guitar Hero</a></i> .<br />
Pusat rehabilitasi Clapton di Antigua disebut "Crossroads". <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton">Eric Clapton</a></i> sebelumnya merekam lagu tersebut pada tahun 1966 dengan band-nya Eric Clapton's Powerhouse , tapi bukannya sebuah riff gitar fokus utama dari lagu tersebut adalah riff harmonika yang dimainkan oleh Paul Jones.<br />
<i><b>Juke Blues adalah artikel asli!</b></i><br />
Didirikan pada tahun 1985, <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juke_Blues&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Juke Blues (halaman belum tersedia)">Juke Blues</a></i> dikemas dengan artikel, wawancara, berita, ulasan, dan banyak foto besar para pahlawan blues Amerika klasik, serta bintang-bintang muncul. Hal ini dianggap oleh banyak orang sebagai majalah terbaik dari jenis, boasting sebuah daftar dari penulis internasional yang ahli di bidang mereka - banyak di antara mereka penulis buku definitif pada subjek.Kami juga fitur gambar oleh fotografer terkenal.<br />
Isi berkisar dari wawancara mendalam / artikel, untuk potong pendek pada 'populer' angka.Ini adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan publisitas untuk layak tapi seniman diabaikan, serta meliputi legenda musik terkenal. Juga termasuk adalah tinjauan ekstensif CD, DVD, buku, festival, listing berita dan laporan. Majalah ini dalam warna penuh seluruh.<br />
Bagi pendatang baru bisa membuktikan goldmine fakta dan info untuk mengarahkan Anda ke arah yang benar. Untuk benar-benar serius sering memiliki discographies penuh dengan vinil (dan shellac) Referensi dan tembakan label.<br />
Juke Blues memiliki perwakilan pada Channel 4 TV dan memiliki cakupan pada berbagai stasiun radio <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC">BBC</a></i>. Salah satu isu terbaru diminta respon dari kritikus Chicago: 'mengucapkan dan pujian mutlak pada edisi terbaru ini! Kau menjadi diaspora benar / mag akar, dan saya yakin itulah yang 'blues' telah datang berarti hari ini. Ini juga persis pendekatan dunia - dan musik - kebutuhan. "<br />
Jadi apakah Anda baru menemukan blues nyata, atau apakah Anda telah menyukainya selama bertahun-tahun, Juke Blues adalah artikel asli!<br />
Juke Blues, tiga kali pemenang penghargaan musik majalah Blues. Juke menerbitkan cakupan kualitas dari semua jenis-Amerika blues Afrika dan musik tradisional, dari kota ke jiwa Selatan, dari R vintage dan Zydeco, hanya dengan sentuhan genre terkait lainnya. Setiap masalah adalah sebuah tambang emas informasi. Tiga-kali Penghargaan pemenang • Keeping <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Blues_Alive&action=edit&redlink=1" title="The Blues Alive (halaman belum tersedia)">The Blues Alive</a></i> , 2000 • Sweet Soul Music, 2001 • <i><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues_Hall_of_Fame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Blues Hall of Fame (halaman belum tersedia)">Blues Hall of Fame</a></i> Classic of Blues Literature, 2004georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453638140592058455.post-83385881681661181682011-01-11T02:33:00.000-08:002011-01-11T02:36:51.835-08:00the beatles history<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvG8gXzBsuZASEDAgs2mxAVwL62rVHT1Fhp2z2czCkNzZEooAJ3tf-mruEf8PhhATXG2SKM_bYXM5K28OPj9gPPbup4CM8U1TbCwHZtMgN_IVK6gjSUtszmZOZzjuQMau3D74tdTDlwk/s1600/55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvG8gXzBsuZASEDAgs2mxAVwL62rVHT1Fhp2z2czCkNzZEooAJ3tf-mruEf8PhhATXG2SKM_bYXM5K28OPj9gPPbup4CM8U1TbCwHZtMgN_IVK6gjSUtszmZOZzjuQMau3D74tdTDlwk/s1600/55.jpg" /></a></div><b>The Beatles</b> were a British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band, formed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in 1960, who are often recognized as the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed act in popular music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a-0">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> From 1962, the group consisted of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> (rhythm guitar, vocals), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (bass guitar, vocals), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> (lead guitar, vocals) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> (drums, vocals). Rooted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> and 1950s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, the group later worked in many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a> ranging from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>, often incorporating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a>" fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s</a>.<br />
Initially with a five-piece line-up of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe">Stuart Sutcliffe</a> (bass) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a> (drums), The Beatles built their reputation in Liverpool and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> clubs over a three-year period from 1960. Sutcliffe left the group in 1961, and Best was replaced by Starr the following year. Moulded into a professional outfit by music store owner <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a> after he offered to act as the group's manager, and with their musical potential enhanced by the creativity of producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a>, The Beatles achieved mainstream success in the United Kingdom in late 1962 with their first single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Me_Do" title="Love Me Do">Love Me Do</a>". Gaining international popularity over the course of the next year, they toured extensively until 1966, and then retreated to the recording studio until their break-up in 1970. Each then found success in an independent musical career. Lennon was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon" title="Death of John Lennon">murdered</a> outside his home in New York City in 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain active.<br />
During their studio years, The Beatles produced what critics consider some of their finest material including the album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> (1967), widely regarded as a masterpiece. Four decades after their break-up, The Beatles' music continues to be popular. The Beatles have had more number one albums on the UK charts, and held down the top spot longer, than any other musical act.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEeveryHit.com2009_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEeveryHit.com2009-2">[3]</a></sup> According to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a>, they have sold more albums in the United States than any other artist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIAA2009a_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERIAA2009a-3">[4]</a></sup> In 2008, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_%28magazine%29" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine released a list of the all-time top-selling <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100_All-Time_Top_Artists" title="Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists">Hot 100</a> artists to celebrate the US singles chart's fiftieth anniversary, with The Beatles at number one.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard2008_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard2008-4">[5]</a></sup> They have been honoured with 7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrammy.com_5-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrammy.com-5">[6]</a></sup> and they have received 15 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</a> from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Academy_of_Songwriters,_Composers_and_Authors" title="British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors">British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a559.E2.80.9360_6-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a559.E2.80.9360-6">[7]</a></sup> The Beatles were collectively included in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_%28magazine%29" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's compilation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">the 20th century's 100 most influential people</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoder1998_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoder1998-7">[8]</a></sup><br />
<table class="toc" id="toc"><tbody>
<tr> <td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2><span class="toctoggle">[<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div><ul><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Formation_and_early_years_.281957.E2.80.931962.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Formation and early years (1957–1962)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Beatlemania_and_touring_years_.281963.E2.80.931966.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Beatlemania and touring years (1963–1966)</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#UK_popularity.2C_Please_Please_Me_and_With_The_Beatles"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">UK popularity, Please Please Me and With The Beatles</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#The_British_Invasion"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">The British Invasion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#A_Hard_Day.27s_Night.2C_Beatles_for_Sale.2C_Help.21_and_Rubber_Soul"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">A Hard Day's Night, Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Controversy.2C_studio_years_and_break-up_.281966.E2.80.931970.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Controversy, studio years and break-up (1966–1970)</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Events_leading_up_to_final_tour"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Events leading up to final tour</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Revolver_and_Sgt._Pepper.27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Revolver and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Magical_Mystery_Tour.2C_White_Album_and_Yellow_Submarine"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Magical Mystery Tour, White Album and Yellow Submarine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Abbey_Road.2C_Let_It_Be_and_break-up"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Abbey Road, Let It Be and break-up</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#After_the_break-up_.281970.E2.80.93present.29"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">After the break-up (1970–present)</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Musical_style_and_evolution"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Musical style and evolution</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Influences"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Influences</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Genres"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Genres</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Contribution_of_George_Martin"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Contribution of George Martin</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#In_the_studio"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">In the studio</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Awards_and_recognition"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and recognition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a> <ul><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Original_UK_LPs"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Original UK LPs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#CD_releases"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">CD releases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Digital_music"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Digital music</span></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Song_catalogue"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Song catalogue</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="float: right; margin: 0em 0em 0em 1em; width: 225px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">History of <b class="selflink">The Beatles</b></span></th> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">In Hamburg</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_at_The_Cavern_Club" title="The Beatles at The Cavern Club">At The Cavern Club</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_Decca_audition" title="The Beatles' Decca audition">Decca audition</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beatlemania in the United Kingdom">Beatlemania in the United Kingdom</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_North_American_releases" title="The Beatles' North American releases">North American releases</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_the_United_States" title="The Beatles in the United States">In the United States</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_1966" title="The Beatles in 1966">1966</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">More popular than Jesus</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_studio_years" title="The Beatles' studio years">Studio years</a></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 2px;"> <td><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Rishikesh" title="The Beatles in Rishikesh">In Rishikesh</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_break-up" title="The Beatles' break-up">Break-up</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_reunions" title="The Beatles reunions">Reunions</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-ups_of_bands_featuring_members_of_The_Beatles" title="Line-ups of bands featuring members of The Beatles">Line-ups</a></div></td> </tr>
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</td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_timeline" title="The Beatles timeline">Timeline</a></div></td> </tr>
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</tbody></table><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Formation_and_early_years_.281957.E2.80.931962.29"><span id="Formation"></span> Formation and early years (1957–1962)</span></h3>Aged sixteen, singer and guitarist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> formed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> group <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Quarrymen" title="The Quarrymen">The Quarrymen</a> with some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> schoolfriends in March 1957.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a_0-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a-0">[1]</a></sup> Fifteen-year-old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> joined as a guitarist after he and Lennon met that July.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz200593_8-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz200593-8">[9]</a></sup> When McCartney in turn invited <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> to watch the group the following February, the latter joined as lead guitarist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO.27Brien200112_9-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO.27Brien200112-9">[10]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199747_10-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199747-10">[11]</a></sup> By 1960, Lennon's schoolfriends had left the group, he had begun studies at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_College_of_Art" title="Liverpool College of Art">Liverpool College of Art</a> and the three guitarists were playing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> whenever they could get a drummer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b742.E2.80.9343_11-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b742.E2.80.9343-11">[12]</a></sup> Joining on bass in January, Lennon's fellow student <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Sutcliffe" title="Stuart Sutcliffe">Stuart Sutcliffe</a> suggested changing the band name to "The Beetles" as a tribute to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crickets" title="The Crickets">The Crickets</a>, and they became "The Beatals" for the first few months of the year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b65_12-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b65-12">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a103_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a103-13">[14]</a></sup> After trying other names including "Johnny and the Moondogs", "Long John and The Beetles" and "The Silver Beatles", the band finally became "The Beatles" in August.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a104_14-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a104-14">[15]</a></sup> The lack of a permanent drummer posed a problem when the group's unofficial manager, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Williams" title="Allan Williams">Allan Williams</a>, arranged a resident band booking for them in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Germany.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1996215_15-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1996215-15">[16]</a></sup> Before the end of August they auditioned and hired drummer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Best" title="Pete Best">Pete Best</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a146.E2.80.9347_16-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a146.E2.80.9347-16">[17]</a></sup> and the five-piece band left for Hamburg four days later, contracted to fairground showman <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Koschmider" title="Bruno Koschmider">Bruno Koschmider</a> for a 48-night residency. "Hamburg in those days did not have rock 'n' roll music clubs. It had strip clubs", says biographer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Norman_%28author%29" title="Philip Norman (author)">Philip Norman</a>.<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"><div>Bruno had the idea of bringing in rock groups to play in various clubs. They had this formula. It was a huge nonstop show, hour after hour, with a lot of people lurching in and the other lot lurching out. And the bands would play all the time to catch the passing traffic. In an American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">red-light district</a>, they would call it nonstop striptease. Many of the bands that played in Hamburg were from Liverpool...It was an accident. Bruno went to London to look for bands. But he happened to meet a Liverpool entrepreneur in Soho, who was down in London by pure chance. And he arranged to send some bands over.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGladwell200847.E2.80.9349_17-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGladwell200847.E2.80.9349-17">[18]</a></sup></div></blockquote>Harrison, only 17 years old in August 1960, obtained permission to stay in Hamburg by lying to the German authorities about his age.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchinderSchwartz2007163_18-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchinderSchwartz2007163-18">[19]</a></sup> Initially placing The Beatles at the Indra Club, Koschmider moved them to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiserkeller" title="Kaiserkeller">Kaiserkeller</a> in October after the Indra was closed down due to noise complaints.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a551_19-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a551-19">[20]</a></sup> When they violated their contract by performing at the rival <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Ten_Club" title="Top Ten Club">Top Ten Club</a>, Koschmider reported the underage Harrison to the authorities, leading to his deportation in November.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a475_20-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a475-20">[21]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200693_21-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200693-21">[22]</a></sup> McCartney and Best were arrested for arson a week later when they set fire to a condom nailed to a wall in their room; they too were deported.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199624_22-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199624-22">[23]</a></sup> Lennon returned to Liverpool in mid-December, while Sutcliffe remained in Hamburg with his new German fiancée, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrid_Kirchherr" title="Astrid Kirchherr">Astrid Kirchherr</a>, for another month. Kirchherr took the first professional photos of the group and cut Sutcliffe's hair in the German "exi" (existentialist) style of the time, a look later adopted by the other Beatles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz20054.E2.80.935_23-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz20054.E2.80.935-23">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199774_24-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199774-24">[25]</a></sup><br />
During the next two years, the group were resident for further periods in Hamburg. They used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenmetrazine" title="Phenmetrazine">Preludin</a> both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199766.E2.80.9367_25-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199766.E2.80.9367-25">[26]</a></sup> Sutcliffe decided to leave the band in early 1961 and resume his art studies in Germany, so McCartney took up bass.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199774_24-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199774-24">[25]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199625_26-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199625-26">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles200137.E2.80.9338_27-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles200137.E2.80.9338-27">[28]</a></sup> German producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Kaempfert" title="Bert Kaempfert">Bert Kaempfert</a> contracted what was now a four-piece to act as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Sheridan" title="Tony Sheridan">Tony Sheridan</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">backing band</a> on a series of recordings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon200697_28-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon200697-28">[29]</a></sup> Credited to "Tony Sheridan and The Beat Brothers", the single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Bonnie" title="My Bonnie">My Bonnie</a>", recorded in June and released four months later, reached number 32 in the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikmarkt" title="Musikmarkt">Musikmarkt</a></i> chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett2001100_29-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett2001100-29">[30]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005250_30-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005250-30">[31]</a></sup> The Beatles were also becoming more popular back home in Liverpool. During one of the band's frequent appearances there at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cavern_Club" title="The Cavern Club">The Cavern Club</a>, they encountered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein" title="Brian Epstein">Brian Epstein</a>, a local record store owner and music columnist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199788_31-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199788-31">[32]</a></sup> When the band appointed Epstein manager in January 1962, Kaempfert agreed to release them from the German record contract. After <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_Decca_audition" title="The Beatles' Decca audition">Decca Records rejected the band</a> with the comment "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a> signed the group to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a> label.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199788_31-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199788-31">[32]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200068_32-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200068-32">[33]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199790_33-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199790-33">[34]</a></sup> News of a tragedy greeted them on their return to Hamburg in April.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199669_34-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199669-34">[35]</a></sup> Meeting them at the airport, a stricken Kirchherr told them of Sutcliffe's death from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">brain haemorrhage</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELennon2006109_35-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennon2006109-35">[36]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abbey_Rd_Studios.jpg"><img alt="A flight of stone steps leads from an asphalt car park up to the main entrance of a white two-story building. The ground floor has two sash windows, the first floor has three shorter sash windows. Two more windows are visible at basement level. The decorative stonework around the doors and windows is painted grey." class="thumbimage" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abbey_Rd_Studios.jpg/220px-Abbey_Rd_Studios.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abbey_Rd_Studios.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Abbey Road Studios main entrance</div></div></div>In Liverpool, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Merseybeat</a> movement was gathering force. The band had its first recording session under Martin's direction at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">EMI Studios</a> in London in June 1962. Martin complained to Epstein about Best's drumming and suggested the band use a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">session drummer</a> in the studio.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005318.2C_322_36-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005318.2C_322-36">[37]</a></sup> Instead, Best was replaced by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>. Starr, who left <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rory_Storm_and_the_Hurricanes" title="Rory Storm and the Hurricanes">Rory Storm and the Hurricanes</a> to join The Beatles, had already performed with them in Best's occasional absence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005328.2C_330_37-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005328.2C_330-37">[38]</a></sup> Martin still hired session drummer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_White_%28drummer%29" title="Andy White (drummer)">Andy White</a> for one session.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005353_38-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005353-38">[39]</a></sup> White played on the single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Me_Do" title="Love Me Do">Love Me Do</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.S._I_Love_You_%28The_Beatles_song%29" title="P.S. I Love You (The Beatles song)">P.S. I Love You</a>". Released in October, "Love Me Do" was a top twenty UK hit, peaking at number seventeen on the chart.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFontenot2009a_39-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFontenot2009a-39">[40]</a></sup> After a November studio session that yielded what would be their second single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Please_Please_Me_%28song%29" title="Please Please Me (song)">Please Please Me</a>", they made their TV debut with a live performance on the regional news programme <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_Reports" title="Granada Reports">People and Places</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a854_40-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a854-40">[41]</a></sup><br />
The band concluded their last Hamburg stint in December 1962.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGladwell200847.E2.80.9349_17-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGladwell200847.E2.80.9349-17">[18]</a></sup> By now it had become the pattern that all four members contributed vocals, although Starr's restricted range meant he sang lead only rarely.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008191_41-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008191-41">[42]</a></sup> Lennon and McCartney had established a songwriting partnership; as the band's success grew, their celebrated collaboration limited Harrison's opportunities as lead vocalist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a494_42-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a494-42">[43]</a></sup> Epstein, sensing The Beatles' commercial potential, encouraged the group to adopt a professional attitude to performing. Lennon recalled the manager saying, "Look, if you really want to get in these bigger places, you're going to have to change—stop eating on stage, stop swearing, stop smoking."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200067_43-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200067-43">[44]</a></sup> Lennon said, "We used to dress how we liked, on and off stage. He'd tell us that jeans were not particularly smart and could we possibly manage to wear proper trousers, but he didn't want us suddenly looking square. He'd let us have our own sense of individuality ... it was a choice of making it or still eating chicken on stage."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200067_43-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles200067-43">[44]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Beatlemania_and_touring_years_.281963.E2.80.931966.29">Beatlemania and touring years (1963–1966)</span></h3><h4><span class="mw-headline" id="UK_popularity.2C_Please_Please_Me_and_With_The_Beatles">UK popularity, <i>Please Please Me</i> and <i>With The Beatles</i></span></h4>In the wake of the moderate success of "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me" met with a more emphatic reception, reaching number two in the UK singles chart after its January 1963 release. Martin originally intended to record the band's debut LP live at The Cavern Club. Finding it had "the acoustic ambience of an oil tank",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008147_44-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008147-44">[45]</a></sup> he elected to create a "live" album in one session at Abbey Road Studios. Ten songs were recorded for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Please_Please_Me" title="Please Please Me">Please Please Me</a></i>, accompanied on the album by the four tracks already released on the two singles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008147_44-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008147-44">[45]</a></sup> Recalling how the band "rushed to deliver a debut album, bashing out <i>Please Please Me</i> in a day", an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allmusic" title="Allmusic">Allmusic</a> reviewer comments, "Decades after its release, the album still sounds fresh, precisely because of its intense origins."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009a_45-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009a-45">[46]</a></sup> Lennon said little thought went into composition at the time; he and McCartney were "just writing songs <i>à la</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">Everly Brothers</a>, <i>à la</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>, pop songs with no more thought of them than that—to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b721_46-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b721-46">[47]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 202px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_logo.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="90" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Beatles_logo.svg/200px-Beatles_logo.svg.png" width="200" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_logo.svg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>The Beatles' drop-T logo</div></div></div>Released in March 1963, the album reached number one on the British chart. This began a run during which eleven of The Beatles' twelve studio albums released in the United Kingdom through 1970 hit number one. The band's third single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Me_to_You" title="From Me to You">From Me to You</a>", came out in April and was also a chart-topping hit. It began an almost unbroken run of seventeen British number one singles for the band, including all but one of those released over the next six years. On its release in August, the band's fourth single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She_Loves_You" title="She Loves You">She Loves You</a>", achieved the fastest sales of any record in the UK up to that time, selling three-quarters of a million copies in under four weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008159_47-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008159-47">[48]</a></sup> It became their first single to sell a million copies, and remained the biggest-selling record in the UK until 1978 when it was topped by "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mull_of_Kintyre_%28song%29" title="Mull of Kintyre (song)">Mull of Kintyre</a>", performed by McCartney and his post-Beatles band <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wings_%28band%29" title="Wings (band)">Wings</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a990_48-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a990-48">[49]</a></sup> The popularity of The Beatles' music brought with it increasing press attention. They responded with a cheeky, irreverent attitude that defied what was expected of pop musicians and inspired even more interest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlagenhoef2009_49-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlagenhoef2009-49">[50]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008166.E2.80.9369_50-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008166.E2.80.9369-50">[51]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Beatles_and_Lill-Babs_1963.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Beatles_and_Lill-Babs_1963.jpg/220px-The_Beatles_and_Lill-Babs_1963.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Beatles_and_Lill-Babs_1963.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>McCartney, Harrison, Swedish pop singer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lill-Babs" title="Lill-Babs">Lill-Babs</a> and Lennon on the set of the Swedish television show <i>Drop-In</i>, 30 October 1963<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles2001111_51-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles2001111-51">[52]</a></sup></div></div></div>The Beatles' iconic "drop-T" logo, based on an impromptu sketch by instrument retailer and designer Ivor Arbiter, also made its debut in 1963. The logo was first used on the front of Starr's bass drum, which Epstein and Starr purchased from Arbiter's London shop.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlcantaraHall2005_52-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlcantaraHall2005-52">[53]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson2008270_53-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson2008270-53">[54]</a></sup> The band toured the UK three times in the first half of the year: a four-week tour that began in February preceded three-week tours in March and May–June. As their popularity spread, a frenzied adulation of the group took hold, dubbed "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a>". Although not billed as tour leaders, they overshadowed other acts including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Roe" title="Tommy Roe">Tommy Roe</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Montez" title="Chris Montez">Chris Montez</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, US artists who had established great popularity in the UK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990125.E2.80.9332_54-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990125.E2.80.9332-54">[55]</a></sup> Performances everywhere, both on tour and at many one-off shows across the UK, were greeted with riotous enthusiasm by screaming fans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990117.E2.80.9385_55-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990117.E2.80.9385-55">[56]</a></sup> Police found it necessary to use high-pressure water hoses to control the crowds, and there were debates in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a> concerning the thousands of police officers putting themselves at risk to protect the group.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990153_56-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990153-56">[57]</a></sup> In late October, a five-day tour of Sweden saw the band venture abroad for the first time since the Hamburg chapter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1088_57-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1088-57">[58]</a></sup> Returning to the UK, they were greeted at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" title="London Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a> in heavy rain by thousands of fans in "a scene similar to a shark-feeding frenzy", attended by fifty journalists and photographers and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC Television</a> camera crew.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990150_58-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990150-58">[59]</a></sup> The next day, The Beatles began yet another UK tour, scheduled for six weeks. By now, they were indisputably the headliners.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990125.E2.80.9332_54-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990125.E2.80.9332-54">[55]</a></sup><br />
<i>Please Please Me</i> was still topping the album chart. It maintained the position for thirty weeks, only to be displaced by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With_The_Beatles" title="With The Beatles">With The Beatles</a></i> which itself held the top spot for twenty-one weeks. Making much greater use of studio production techniques than its "live" predecessor, the album was recorded between July and October. <i>With The Beatles</i> is described by Allmusic as "a sequel of the highest order—one that betters the original by developing its own tone and adding depth."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009b_59-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009b-59">[60]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008187_60-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008187-60">[61]</a></sup> In a reversal of what had until then been standard practice, the album was released in late November ahead of the impending single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_to_Hold_Your_Hand" title="I Want to Hold Your Hand">I Want to Hold Your Hand</a>", with the song excluded in order to maximize the single's sales.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008187_60-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008187-60">[61]</a></sup> <i>With The Beatles</i> caught the attention of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">Times</a></i> music critic William Mann, who went as far as to suggest that Lennon and McCartney were "the outstanding English composers of 1963".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008187_60-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008187-60">[61]</a></sup> The newspaper published a series of articles in which Mann offered detailed analyses of The Beatles' music, lending it respectability.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1162_61-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1162-61">[62]</a></sup> <i>With The Beatles</i> became the second album in UK chart history to sell a million copies, a figure previously reached only by the 1958 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pacific_%28musical%29" title="South Pacific (musical)">South Pacific</a></i> soundtrack.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b978_62-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b978-62">[63]</a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="The_British_Invasion">The British Invasion</span></h4><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iwanttoholdyourhandsample.ogg" title="File:Iwanttoholdyourhandsample.ogg">"I Want to Hold Your Hand"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_1" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of the single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_to_Hold_Your_Hand" title="I Want to Hold Your Hand">I Want to Hold Your Hand</a>" (1963) which cemented the band's international success when it achieved enormous US popularity a few weeks before their debut in the country</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Beatles' releases in the United States were initially delayed for nearly a year when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>, EMI's American subsidiary, declined to issue either "Please Please Me" or "From Me to You".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a225_63-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a225-63">[64]</a></sup> Negotiations with independent US labels led to the release of some singles, but issues with royalties and derision of The Beatles' <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_influence_on_popular_culture" title="The Beatles' influence on popular culture">"moptop" hairstyle</a> posed further obstacles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1119_64-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1119-64">[65]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005461_65-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005461-65">[66]</a></sup> Once Capitol did start to issue the material, rather than releasing the LPs in their original configuration, they compiled distinct US albums from an assortment of the band's recordings, and issued songs of their own choice as singles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008295.E2.80.9396_66-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008295.E2.80.9396-66">[67]</a></sup> American chart success came suddenly after a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> news broadcast about British Beatlemania triggered great demand, leading Capitol to rush-release "I Want to Hold Your Hand" in December 1963.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFontenot2009b_67-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFontenot2009b-67">[68]</a></sup> The band's US debut was already scheduled to take place a few weeks later.<br />
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Beatles_in_America.JPG"><img alt="The Beatles are standing in front of a crowd of people at the bottom of an aeroplane staircase." class="thumbimage" height="155" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Beatles_in_America.JPG/220px-The_Beatles_in_America.JPG" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Beatles_in_America.JPG" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>The Beatles arrive at John F. Kennedy International Airport, 7 February 1964</div></div></div>When The Beatles left the United Kingdom on 7 February 1964, an estimated four thousand fans gathered at Heathrow, waving and screaming as the aircraft took off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005457_68-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005457-68">[69]</a></sup> "I Want to Hold Your Hand" had sold 2.6 million copies in the US over the previous two weeks, but the group were still nervous about how they would be received.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005457.E2.80.9359_69-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005457.E2.80.9359-69">[70]</a></sup> At New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy Airport</a> they were greeted by another vociferous crowd, estimated at about three thousand people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005459_70-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005459-70">[71]</a></sup> They gave their first live US television performance two days later on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i>, watched by approximately 74 million viewers—over 40 percent of the American population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozinn2004_71-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozinn2004-71">[72]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20083_72-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20083-72">[73]</a></sup> The next morning one newspaper wrote that The Beatles "could not carry a tune across the Atlantic",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005473_73-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005473-73">[74]</a></sup> but a day later their first US concert saw Beatlemania erupt at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Coliseum" title="Washington Coliseum">Washington Coliseum</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1134.E2.80.9335_74-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1134.E2.80.9335-74">[75]</a></sup> Back in New York the following day, they met with another strong reception at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>. The band appeared on the weekly <i>Ed Sullivan Show</i> a second time, before returning to the UK on 22 February.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20085.E2.80.936_75-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20085.E2.80.936-75">[76]</a></sup> During the week of 4 April, The Beatles held twelve positions on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100</a> singles chart, including the top five.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiMartino200412_76-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiMartino200412-76">[77]</a></sup> That same week, a third American LP joined the two already in circulation; all three reached the first or second spot on the US album chart. The band's popularity generated unprecedented interest in British music, and a number of other UK acts subsequently made their own American debuts, successfully touring over the next three years in what was termed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20089.2C_250.2C_285_77-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20089.2C_250.2C_285-77">[78]</a></sup> The Beatles' hairstyle, unusually long for the era and still mocked by many adults, was widely adopted and became an emblem of the burgeoning youth culture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008345_78-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008345-78">[79]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul,_George_%26_John.png"><img alt="Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and John Lennon playing guitars and wearing matching grey suits." class="thumbimage" height="145" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paul%2C_George_%26_John.png/220px-Paul%2C_George_%26_John.png" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paul,_George_%26_John.png" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>McCartney, Harrison, and Lennon perform on Dutch television in 1964</div></div></div>The Beatles toured internationally in June. Staging thirty-two concerts over nineteen days in Denmark, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand, they were ardently received at every venue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990184_79-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPawlowski1990184-79">[80]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1090_80-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1090-80">[81]</a></sup> Starr was in hospital after a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillectomy" title="Tonsillectomy">tonsillectomy</a> for the first half of the tour, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmie_Nicol" title="Jimmie Nicol">Jimmie Nicol</a> sat in on drums. In August they returned to the US, with a thirty-concert tour of twenty-three cities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008249_81-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008249-81">[82]</a></sup> Generating intense interest once again, the month-long tour attracted between ten and twenty thousand fans to each thirty-minute performance in cities from San Francisco to New York. However, their music could hardly be heard.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008249_81-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008249-81">[82]</a></sup> On-stage amplification at the time was modest compared to modern-day equipment, and the band's small <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_%28musical_equipment%29" title="Vox (musical equipment)">Vox</a> amplifiers struggled to compete with the volume of sound generated by screaming fans. Forced to accept that neither they nor their audiences could hear the details of their performance, the band grew increasingly bored with the routine of concert touring.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1093_82-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1093-82">[83]</a></sup><br />
At the end of the August tour they were introduced to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> in New York at the instigation of journalist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Aronowitz" title="Al Aronowitz">Al Aronowitz</a>. Visiting the band in their hotel suite, Dylan introduced them to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_%28drug%29" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997185_83-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997185-83">[84]</a></sup> Music historian Jonathan Gould points out the musical and cultural significance of this meeting, before which the musicians' respective fanbases were "perceived as inhabiting two separate subcultural worlds": Dylan's core audience of "college kids with artistic or intellectual leanings, a dawning political and social idealism, and a mildly bohemian style" contrasted with The Beatles' core audience of "veritable '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenybopper" title="Teenybopper">teenyboppers</a>'—kids in high school or grade school whose lives were totally wrapped up in the commercialized popular culture of television, radio, pop records, fan magazines, and teen fashion. They were seen as idolaters, not idealists." Within six months of the meeting, "Lennon would be making records on which he openly imitated Dylan's nasal drone, brittle strum, and introspective vocal persona." Within a year, Dylan would "proceed, with the help of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Dylan_controversy" title="Electric Dylan controversy">a five-piece group and a Fender Stratocaster electric guitar</a>, to shake the monkey of folk authenticity permanently off his back"; "the distinction between the folk and rock audiences would have nearly evaporated"; and The Beatles' audience would be "showing signs of growing up".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008252.E2.80.9353_84-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008252.E2.80.9353-84">[85]</a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="A_Hard_Day.27s_Night.2C_Beatles_for_Sale.2C_Help.21_and_Rubber_Soul"><i>A Hard Day's Night</i>, <i>Beatles for Sale</i>, <i>Help!</i> and <i>Rubber Soul</i></span></h4>Capitol Records' lack of interest throughout 1963 had not gone unnoticed, and a competitor, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists_Records" title="United Artists Records">United Artists Records</a>, encouraged <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists' film division</a> to offer The Beatles a motion picture contract in the hope that it would lead to a record deal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a483.E2.80.9384_85-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a483.E2.80.9384-85">[86]</a></sup> Directed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lester" title="Richard Lester">Richard Lester</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_%28film%29" title="A Hard Day's Night (film)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i> had the group's involvement for six weeks in March–April 1964 as they played themselves in a boisterous mock-documentary of The Beatles' phenomenon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008231_86-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008231-86">[87]</a></sup> The film premiered in London and New York in July and August, respectively, and was an international success.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a489.E2.80.9390_87-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a489.E2.80.9390-87">[88]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i><span style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s reviewer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a>, noted that "the way The Beatles go on is just there, and that's it. In an age that is clogged with self-explanation this makes them very welcome. It also makes them naturally comic."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGilliatt1973213_88-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilliatt1973213-88">[89]</a></sup> According to Allmusic, the accompanying soundtrack album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_%28album%29" title="A Hard Day's Night (album)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i>, saw The Beatles "truly coming into their own as a band. All of the disparate influences on their first two albums had coalesced into a bright, joyous, original sound, filled with ringing guitars."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009c_89-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009c-89">[90]</a></sup> That "ringing guitar" sound was primarily the product of Harrison's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickenbacker_360/12" title="Rickenbacker 360/12">12-string electric Rickenbacker</a>, a prototype given him by the manufacturer, which made its debut on the record. Harrison's ringing 12-string inspired <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a>, who obtained his own Rickenbacker and used it to craft the trademark sound of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008286.E2.80.9387_90-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008286.E2.80.9387-90">[91]</a></sup><br />
<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles_for_Sale" title="Beatles for Sale">Beatles for Sale</a></i>, the band's fourth studio album, saw the emergence of a serious conflict between commercialism and creativity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356_91-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356-91">[92]</a></sup> Recorded between August and October 1964, the album had been intended to continue the format established by <i>A Hard Day's Night</i> which, unlike the band's first two LPs, had contained no cover versions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356_91-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356-91">[92]</a></sup> Acknowledging the challenge posed by constant international touring to the band's songwriting efforts, Lennon admitted, "Material's becoming a hell of a problem". Six covers from their extensive repertoire were included on the album.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel198950_92-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel198950-92">[93]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356_91-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356-91">[92]</a></sup> Released in early December, its eight self-penned numbers nevertheless stood out, demonstrating the growing maturity of the material produced by the Lennon-McCartney partnership.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356_91-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008255.E2.80.9356-91">[92]</a></sup><br />
In April 1965, Lennon and Harrison's dentist spiked their coffee with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> while they were his guests for dinner.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008316_93-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008316-93">[94]</a></sup> The two later deliberately experimented with the drug, joined by Starr on one occasion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008317_94-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008317-94">[95]</a></sup> McCartney was reluctant to try it, but eventually did so in 1966, and later became the first Beatle to discuss it publicly.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002228_95-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002228-95">[96]</a></sup> Controversy erupted in June 1965 when <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> appointed the four Beatles <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)</a> after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> nominated them for the award.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005556_96-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005556-96">[97]</a></sup> In protest—the honour was at that time primarily bestowed upon military veterans and civic leaders—some conservative MBE recipients returned their own insignia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005557_97-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005557-97">[98]</a></sup><br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TrailerUSHelp.jpg"><img alt="The Beatles performing music in a field. In the foreground, the drums are played by Starr (only the top of is head is visible). Beyond him, the other three stand in a column with their guitars. In the rear, Harrison, head down, strikes a chord. In the front, Lennon smiles and gives a little wave toward camera, holding his pick. Between them, McCartney is jocularly about to choke Lennon." class="thumbimage" height="163" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/TrailerUSHelp.jpg/220px-TrailerUSHelp.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TrailerUSHelp.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>The US trailer for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%21_%28film%29" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a></i> with (from the rear) Harrison, McCartney, Lennon and (largely obscured) Starr</div></div></div>The Beatles' second film, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%21_%28film%29" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a></i>, again directed by Lester, was released in July. Described as "mainly a relentless spoof of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond_%28film_series%29" title="James Bond (film series)">Bond</a>",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008274.E2.80.936_98-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008274.E2.80.936-98">[99]</a></sup> it inspired a mixed response among both reviewers and the band. McCartney said, "<i>Help!</i> was great but it wasn't our film—we were sort of guest stars. It was fun, but basically, as an idea for a film, it was a bit wrong."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008274.E2.80.936_98-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008274.E2.80.936-98">[99]</a></sup> The soundtrack was dominated by Lennon, who was lead singer and songwriter on the majority of songs, including the two singles performed on it: "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%21_%28song%29" title="Help! (song)">Help!</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_to_Ride" title="Ticket to Ride">Ticket to Ride</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008276.E2.80.9377_99-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008276.E2.80.9377-99">[100]</a></sup> The accompanying album, the group's fifth studio LP, again contained a mix of original material and covers. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%21_%28album%29" title="Help! (album)">Help!</a></i> saw the band making increased use of vocal overdubs and incorporating classical instruments into their arrangements, notably the string quartet on the pop ballad "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday_%28song%29" title="Yesterday (song)">Yesterday</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008292_100-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008292-100">[101]</a></sup> Composed by McCartney, "Yesterday" would inspire the most recorded cover versions of any song ever written.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuinness_World_Records_101-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuinness_World_Records-101">[102]</a></sup> The LP's closing track, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizzy_Miss_Lizzie" title="Dizzy Miss Lizzie">Dizzy Miss Lizzy</a>", became the last cover the band would include on an album. With the exception of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be" title="Let It Be">Let It Be</a>'s</i> brief rendition of the traditional Liverpool folk song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_May_%28traditional_song%29" title="Maggie May (traditional song)">Maggie Mae</a>", all of their subsequent albums would contain only self-penned material.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008280_102-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008280-102">[103]</a></sup><br />
On 15 August, The Beatles' third US visit opened with the first major stadium concert in history when they performed before a crowd of 55,600 at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a>, New York.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles2001206_103-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles2001206-103">[104]</a></sup> A further nine successful concerts followed in other American cities. Towards the end of the tour the group were introduced to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, a foundational musical influence on the band, who invited them to his home.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuralnick1999211_104-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuralnick1999211-104">[105]</a></sup> Presley and the band set up guitars in his living room, jammed together, discussed the music business and exchanged anecdotes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a882.E2.80.9383_105-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a882.E2.80.9383-105">[106]</a></sup> September saw the launch of an American <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_%28TV_series%29" title="The Beatles (TV series)">Saturday morning cartoon series</a> featuring The Beatles and echoing <i>A Hard Day's Night'</i>s slapstick antics. Original episodes appeared for the next two years, and reruns aired through 1969.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNeil199682_106-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNeil199682-106">[107]</a></sup><br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_norwegian_wood.ogg" title="File:Beatles norwegian wood.ogg">"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_2" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Wood_%28This_Bird_Has_Flown%29" title="Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)">Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_Soul" title="Rubber Soul">Rubber Soul</a></i> (1965). The use of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a> on this song saw the band "beginning to expand the conventional instrumental parameters of the rock group".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b_107-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b-107">[108]</a></sup></div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_Soul" title="Rubber Soul">Rubber Soul</a></i>, released in early December, was hailed by critics as another major step forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b_107-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b-107">[108]</a></sup> Biographer and music critic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonald" title="Ian MacDonald">Ian MacDonald</a> observes that with <i>Rubber Soul</i>, The Beatles "recovered the sense of direction that had begun to elude them during the later stages of work on <i>Beatles for Sale</i>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005181.E2.80.9382_108-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005181.E2.80.9382-108">[109]</a></sup> After <i>Help!'s</i> foray into the world of classical music with flutes and strings, <i>Rubber Soul's</i> introduction of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a> on "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Wood_%28This_Bird_Has_Flown%29" title="Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)">Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)</a>" marked a further progression outside the traditional boundaries of rock music. The album also saw Lennon and McCartney's collaborative songwriting increasingly supplemented by distinct compositions from each (though they continued to share official credit). Their thematic reach was expanding as well, embracing more complex aspects of romance and other concerns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b_107-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009b-107">[108]</a></sup> As their lyrics grew more artful, fans began to study them for deeper meaning. There was speculation that "Norwegian Wood" might refer to cannabis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008297.E2.80.9398.2C_423_109-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008297.E2.80.9398.2C_423-109">[110]</a></sup> In 2003, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> magazine's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a>" ranked <i>Rubber Soul</i> at number five,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003_110-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003-110">[111]</a></sup> and the album is today described by Allmusic as "one of the classic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> records".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a_0-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a-0">[1]</a></sup> According to both Lennon and McCartney, however, it was "just another album".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008296_111-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008296-111">[112]</a></sup> Recording engineer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Smith_%28record_producer%29" title="Norman Smith (record producer)">Norman Smith</a> saw clear signs of growing conflict within the group during the <i>Rubber Soul</i> sessions; Smith later said that "the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious" and "as far as Paul was concerned, George could do no right."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b780_112-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b780-112">[113]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Controversy.2C_studio_years_and_break-up_.281966.E2.80.931970.29">Controversy, studio years and break-up (1966–1970)</span></h3><h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Events_leading_up_to_final_tour">Events leading up to final tour</span></h4>In June 1966, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday_and_Today" title="Yesterday and Today">Yesterday and Today</a></i>—one of the compilation albums created by Capitol Records for the US market—caused an uproar with its cover, which portrayed the grinning Beatles dressed in butcher's overalls, accompanied by raw meat and mutilated plastic baby dolls. A popular, though apocryphal, story was that this was meant as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> response to the way Capitol had "butchered" their albums.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1187_113-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a1187-113">[114]</a></sup> Thousands of copies of the album had a new cover pasted over the original; an unpeeled "first-state" copy fetched $10,500 at a December 2005 auction.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaffney2004_114-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaffney2004-114">[115]</a></sup> During a tour of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> the month after the <i>Yesterday and Today</i> furore, The Beatles unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a>, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Presidential Palace</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005619_115-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005619-115">[116]</a></sup> When presented with the invitation, Epstein politely declined on behalf of the group, as it had never been his policy to accept such official invitations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005620_116-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005620-116">[117]</a></sup> The group soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to taking "no" for an answer. The resulting riots endangered the group and they escaped the country with difficulty.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005623_117-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005623-117">[118]</a></sup><br />
Almost as soon as they returned home, they faced a fierce backlash from US religious and social conservatives (as well as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>) over a comment Lennon had made in a March interview with British reporter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_Cleave" title="Maureen Cleave">Maureen Cleave</a>, for the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECleave2005_118-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECleave2005-118">[119]</a></sup> Lennon had offered his opinion that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> was dying and that The Beatles were "more popular than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> now".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECleave1966_119-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECleave1966-119">[120]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008306.E2.80.939_120-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008306.E2.80.939-120">[121]</a></sup> The comment went virtually unnoticed in England, but when US teenage fan magazine <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datebook" title="Datebook">Datebook</a></i> printed it five months later—on the eve of the group's final US tour—it <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/More_popular_than_Jesus" title="More popular than Jesus">created a controversy</a> in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_South" title="American South">American South</a>'s "Bible belt".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlecha2004181_121-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlecha2004181-121">[122]</a></sup> South Africa also banned airplay of Beatles' records, a prohibition that would last until 1971.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry20093_122-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry20093-122">[123]</a></sup> Epstein publicly criticised <i>Datebook</i>, saying they had taken Lennon's words out of context,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008346_123-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008346-123">[124]</a></sup> and at a press conference Lennon pointed out, "If I'd said television was more popular than Jesus, I might have got away with it." Lennon said he had only been referring to how other people saw The Beatles, but "if you want me to apologise, if that will make you happy, then okay, I'm sorry."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008346_123-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008346-123">[124]</a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Revolver_and_Sgt._Pepper.27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band"><i>Revolver</i> and <i>Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</i></span></h4><table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_eleanor_rigby.ogg" title="File:Beatles eleanor rigby.ogg">"Eleanor Rigby"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_3" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Rigby" title="Eleanor Rigby">Eleanor Rigby</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver_%28album%29" title="Revolver (album)">Revolver</a></i> (1966). The album involves innovative compositional approaches, arrangements and recording techniques. This song prominently features classical strings as part of a novel musical style.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><i>Rubber Soul</i> had marked a major step forward; <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver_%28album%29" title="Revolver (album)">Revolver</a></i>, released in August 1966 a week before the band's final tour, marked another.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008348_124-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008348-124">[125]</a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork_Media" title="Pitchfork Media">Pitchfork</a> identifies it as "the sound of a band growing into supreme confidence" and "redefining what was expected from popular music."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlagenhoef2009_49-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlagenhoef2009-49">[50]</a></sup> Described by Gould as "woven with motifs of circularity, reversal, and inversion", <i>Revolver</i> featured sophisticated songwriting and a greatly expanded repertoire of musical styles ranging from innovative classical string arrangements to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008348_124-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008348-124">[125]</a></sup> Abandoning the group photograph that had become the norm, its cover—designed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Voormann" title="Klaus Voormann">Klaus Voormann</a>, a friend of the band since their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">Hamburg days</a>—was a "stark, arty, black-and-white collage that caricatured The Beatles in a pen-and-ink style beholden to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley" title="Aubrey Beardsley">Aubrey Beardsley</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008348_124-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008348-124">[125]</a></sup> The album was preceded by the single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperback_Writer" title="Paperback Writer">Paperback Writer</a>", backed by "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_%28The_Beatles_song%29" title="Rain (The Beatles song)">Rain</a>". The Beatles shot short promo films for both songs, described as "among the first true <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a>",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAusterlitz200718_125-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAusterlitz200718-125">[126]</a></sup> which aired on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_of_the_Pops" title="Top of the Pops">Top of the Pops</a></i> and <i>The Ed Sullivan Show</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoker2009213_126-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoker2009213-126">[127]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESawyers2006xxv_127-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESawyers2006xxv-127">[128]</a></sup><br />
Among <i>Revolver</i><span style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s most experimental tracks was "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows" title="Tomorrow Never Knows">Tomorrow Never Knows</a>", for whose lyrics Lennon drew from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a>'s <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Psychedelic_Experience:_A_Manual_Based_on_the_Tibetan_Book_of_the_Dead" title="The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead">The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead</a></i>. The song's creation involved eight tape decks distributed about the recording studio building, each manned by an engineer or band member, who randomly varied the movement of a tape loop while Martin created a composite recording by sampling the incoming data.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008364.E2.80.9365_128-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008364.E2.80.9365-128">[129]</a></sup> McCartney's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Rigby" title="Eleanor Rigby">Eleanor Rigby</a>" made prominent use of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octet_%28music%29" title="Octet (music)">string octet</a>; it has been described as "a true hybrid, conforming to no recognizable style or genre of song."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008350.2C_402_129-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008350.2C_402-129">[130]</a></sup> Harrison was developing as a songwriter, and three of his compositions earned a place on the record. In 2003, <i>Rolling Stone</i> ranked <i>Revolver</i> as the third greatest album of all time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003_110-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003-110">[111]</a></sup> On the US tour that followed, The Beatles played none of its songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowlding1989131_130-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowlding1989131-130">[131]</a></sup> The final show, at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlestick_Park" title="Candlestick Park">Candlestick Park</a>, San Francisco, on 29 August, was their last commercial concert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997293.E2.80.9395_131-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997293.E2.80.9395-131">[132]</a></sup> It marked the end of a four-year period dominated by touring that included over 1,400 concert appearances internationally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20085.E2.80.936.2C_249.2C_281.2C_347_132-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20085.E2.80.936.2C_249.2C_281.2C_347-132">[133]</a></sup><br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_-_Within_You_Without_You.ogg" title="File:Beatles - Within You Without You.ogg">"Within You Without You"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_4" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Within_You_Without_You" title="Within You Without You">Within You Without You</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> (1967). This <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">raga rock</a> song demonstrates the influence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a> on the band.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Strawberryfields.ogg" title="File:Strawberryfields.ogg">"Strawberry Fields Forever"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_5" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_Forever" title="Strawberry Fields Forever">Strawberry Fields Forever</a>" (1967), recorded during the <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> sessions. Soon after hearing this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a> song, Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson abandoned his attempts to compete with the band.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to these files? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Freed from the burden of touring, the band's desire to experiment increased as they recorded <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i>, beginning in December 1966. Emerick recalled, "The Beatles insisted that everything on <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> had to be different. We had microphones right down in the bells of brass instruments and headphones turned into microphones attached to violins. We used giant primitive oscillators to vary the speed of instruments and vocals and we had tapes chopped to pieces and stuck together upside down and the wrong way round."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008387.E2.80.9388_133-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008387.E2.80.9388-133">[134]</a></sup> Parts of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>" required a forty-piece orchestra.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008387.E2.80.9388_133-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008387.E2.80.9388-133">[134]</a></sup> Nearly seven hundred hours of studio time were devoted to the sessions. They first yielded the non-album <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_A-side" title="Double A-side">double A-side</a> single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_Forever" title="Strawberry Fields Forever">Strawberry Fields Forever</a>"/"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_Lane" title="Penny Lane">Penny Lane</a>" in February 1967; <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> followed in June. The musical complexity of the records, created using only four-track recording technology, astounded contemporary artists seeking to outdo The Beatles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a970_134-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a970-134">[135]</a></sup> For <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">Beach Boys</a> leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>, in the midst of a personal crisis and struggling to complete the ambitious <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smile_%28The_Beach_Boys_album%29" title="Smile (The Beach Boys album)">Smile</a></i>, hearing "Strawberry Fields" was a crushing blow and he soon abandoned all attempts to compete.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaines1986177_135-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaines1986177-135">[136]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2004_136-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2004-136">[137]</a></sup> <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> met with great critical acclaim. In 2003, <i>Rolling Stone</i> ranked it number one among its "500 Greatest Albums of All Time"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003_110-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003-110">[111]</a></sup> and it is widely regarded as a masterpiece.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008418_137-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008418-137">[138]</a></sup> Jonathan Gould describes it as<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"><div>a rich, sustained, and overflowing work of collaborative genius whose bold ambition and startling originality dramatically enlarged the possibilities and raised the expectations of what the experience of listening to popular music on record could be. On the basis of this perception, <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> became the catalyst for an explosion of mass enthusiasm for album-formatted rock that would revolutionize both the aesthetics and the economics of the record business in ways that far outstripped the earlier pop explosions triggered by the Elvis phenomenon of 1956 and the Beatlemania phenomenon of 1963.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008418_137-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008418-137">[138]</a></sup></div></blockquote><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pepper%27s.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="220" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Pepper%27s.jpg/220px-Pepper%27s.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pepper%27s.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Front cover of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i>, "probably the most famous album cover in popular musical history"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAshplantSmyth2001185_138-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAshplantSmyth2001185-138">[139]</a></sup></div></div></div><i>Sgt. Pepper</i> was the first major pop album to include its complete lyrics, which were printed on the back cover.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDowlding1989159_139-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDowlding1989159-139">[140]</a></sup> Those lyrics were the subject of intense analysis; fans speculated, for instance, that the "celebrated Mr K." in "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_for_the_Benefit_of_Mr._Kite%21" title="Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!">Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!</a>" might in fact be the surrealist fiction writer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325_140-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325-140">[141]</a></sup> The American literary critic and professor of English <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Poirier" title="Richard Poirier">Richard Poirier</a> wrote an essay, "Learning from The Beatles", in which he observed that his students were "listening to the group's music with a degree of engagement that he, as a teacher of literature, could only envy."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325_140-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325-140">[141]</a></sup> Poirier identified what he termed the "mixed allusiveness" of the material: "It's unwise ever to assume that they're doing only one thing or expressing themselves in only one style ... one kind of feeling about a subject isn't enough ... any single induced feeling must often exist within the context of seemingly contradictory alternatives."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325_140-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325-140">[141]</a></sup> McCartney said at the time, "We write songs. We know what we mean by them. But in a week someone else says something about it, and you can't deny it ... You put your own meaning at your own level to our songs".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325_140-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008423.E2.80.9325-140">[141]</a></sup> <i>Sgt. Pepper</i><span style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s remarkably <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_images_on_the_cover_of_Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="List of images on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">elaborate album cover</a> also occasioned great interest and deep study.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008394.E2.80.9395_141-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008394.E2.80.9395-141">[142]</a></sup> The heavy moustaches worn by the band swiftly became a hallmark of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> style.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000236_142-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000236-142">[143]</a></sup> Cultural historian Jonathan Harris describes their "brightly coloured parodies of military uniforms" as a knowingly "anti-authoritarian and anti-establishment" display.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200512.E2.80.9313_143-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200512.E2.80.9313-143">[144]</a></sup><br />
On 25 June, the band performed their newest single, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_You_Need_Is_Love" title="All You Need Is Love">All You Need Is Love</a>", to TV viewers worldwide on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_World_%28International_TV_special%29" title="Our World (International TV special)">Our World (International TV special)</a></i>, the first live global television link.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles199754_144-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles199754-144">[145]</a></sup> Appearing amid the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a>, the song was adopted as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_power" title="Flower power">flower power</a> anthem.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008428.E2.80.9329_145-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008428.E2.80.9329-145">[146]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005261.E2.80.9363_146-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005261.E2.80.9363-146">[147]</a></sup> Two months later the group suffered a loss that threw their career into turmoil. After being introduced to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a>, they travelled to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a> for his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a> retreat. During the retreat, Epstein's assistant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brown_%28music_industry%29" title="Peter Brown (music industry)">Peter Brown</a> called to tell them Epstein had died.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005713.E2.80.9319_147-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005713.E2.80.9319-147">[148]</a></sup> The coroner ruled Epstein's death an accidental overdose, but it was widely rumoured that a suicide note had been discovered among his possessions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002249_148-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002249-148">[149]</a></sup> Epstein had been in a fragile emotional state, stressed by both personal issues and the state of his working relationship with The Beatles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002227_149-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002227-149">[150]</a></sup> He worried that the band might not renew his management contract, due to expire in October, based on discontent with his supervision of business matters. There were particular concerns over <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seltaeb" title="Seltaeb">Seltaeb</a>, the company that handled Beatles merchandising rights in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002249_148-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGaines2002249-148">[149]</a></sup> Epstein's death left the group disorientated and fearful about the future. Lennon said later, "I didn't have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music and I was scared."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008437_150-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008437-150">[151]</a></sup> He also looked back on Epstein's death as marking the beginning of the end for the group: "I knew that we were in trouble then ... I thought, We've fuckin' had it now."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000268_151-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000268-151">[152]</a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Magical_Mystery_Tour.2C_White_Album_and_Yellow_Submarine"><i>Magical Mystery Tour</i>, <i>White Album</i> and <i>Yellow Submarine</i></span></h4><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_Mystery_Tour" title="Magical Mystery Tour">Magical Mystery Tour</a></i>, the soundtrack to a forthcoming Beatles' television film, appeared as a six-track double <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">extended play disc (EP)</a> in early December 1967.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008452_152-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008452-152">[153]</a></sup> In the United States, the six songs were issued on an identically titled LP that also included tracks from the band's recent singles. Allmusic says of the US <i>Magical Mystery Tour</i>, "The psychedelic sound is very much in the vein of <i>Sgt. Pepper</i>, and even spacier in parts (especially the sound collages of '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_the_Walrus" title="I Am the Walrus">I Am the Walrus</a>')", and calls its five songs culled from the band's 1967 singles "huge, glorious, and innovative".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009c_153-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009c-153">[154]</a></sup> It set a new US record in its first three weeks for highest initial sales of any Capitol LP, and it is the one Capitol compilation later to be adopted in the band's official canon of studio albums.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a699_154-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a699-154">[155]</a></sup> Aired on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_Mystery_Tour_%28film%29" title="Magical Mystery Tour (film)"><i>Magical Mystery Tour</i> film</a>, largely directed by McCartney, brought The Beatles their first major negative UK press. It was dismissed as "blatant rubbish" by the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i>, which described it as "a great deal of raw footage showing a group of people getting on, getting off, and riding on a bus".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008455.E2.80.9356_155-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008455.E2.80.9356-155">[156]</a></sup> The <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> called it "a colossal conceit", while the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> labelled it "a kind of fantasy morality play about the grossness and warmth and stupidity of the audience".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008455.E2.80.9356_155-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008455.E2.80.9356-155">[156]</a></sup> It fared so dismally that it was withheld from the US at the time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a703_156-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a703-156">[157]</a></sup> In January, the group filmed a cameo for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animated movie</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_%28film%29" title="Yellow Submarine (film)">Yellow Submarine</a></i>, a fantasia featuring a cartoon version of The Beatles. The group's only other involvement with the film was the contribution of several unreleased studio recordings. Released in June 1968, it was well received for its innovative visual style and humour in addition to its music. It would be seven months, however, before the film's soundtrack album appeared.<br />
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatlesyellowsubmarinetrailer.jpg"><img alt="The Beatles, wearing identical dark-grey button-down shirts. They are clean-shaven, except for Starr, who has a mustache. Lennon, wearing mutton chops, holds a folded telescope. All are smiling, except for McCartney, who looks pensive." class="thumbimage" height="117" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/54/Beatlesyellowsubmarinetrailer.jpg/220px-Beatlesyellowsubmarinetrailer.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatlesyellowsubmarinetrailer.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>McCartney, Starr, Harrison and Lennon in the trailer for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_%28film%29" title="Yellow Submarine (film)">Yellow Submarine</a></i>. Their cameo was filmed 25 January 1968, three weeks before they left for India.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles2001291.2C_293_157-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles2001291.2C_293-157">[158]</a></sup></div></div></div>In the interim came <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_%28album%29" title="The Beatles (album)">The Beatles</a></i>, a double LP popularly known as the <i>White Album</i> for its virtually featureless cover. Creative inspiration for the album came from an unexpected quarter when, with Epstein's guiding presence gone, the group turned to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi as their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936_158-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936-158">[159]</a></sup> At his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a>, India, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Rishikesh" title="The Beatles in Rishikesh">three-month "Guide Course" became one of their most creative periods</a>, yielding a large number of songs including most of the thirty recorded for the album.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a108.E2.80.939_159-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a108.E2.80.939-159">[160]</a></sup> Starr left after ten days, likening it to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butlins" title="Butlins">Butlins</a>, and McCartney eventually grew bored with the procedure and departed a month later.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008463.E2.80.9368_160-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008463.E2.80.9368-160">[161]</a></sup> For Lennon and Harrison, creativity turned to questioning when Yanni Alexis Mardas, the electronics technician dubbed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Alex" title="Magic Alex">Magic Alex</a>, suggested that the Maharishi was attempting to manipulate the group.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936_158-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936-158">[159]</a></sup> After Mardas alleged that the Maharishi had made sexual advances to women attendees, Lennon was persuaded and left abruptly, taking the unconvinced Harrison and the remainder of the group's entourage with him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008463.E2.80.9368_160-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008463.E2.80.9368-160">[161]</a></sup> In his anger Lennon wrote a pointed song called "Maharishi", but later modified it to avoid a legal suit, resulting in "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexy_Sadie" title="Sexy Sadie">Sexy Sadie</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936_158-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936-158">[159]</a></sup> McCartney said, "We made a mistake. We thought there was more to him than there was."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936_158-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a705.E2.80.936-158">[159]</a></sup><br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_gently_weeps.ogg" title="File:Beatles gently weeps.ogg">"While My Guitar Gently Weeps"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_6" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_My_Guitar_Gently_Weeps" title="While My Guitar Gently Weeps">While My Guitar Gently Weeps</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_%28album%29" title="The Beatles (album)">The Beatles</a></i> (1968). A <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_ballad" title="Rock ballad">rock ballad</a> among songs of a variety of other genres on the album.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beatles_helter_skelter.ogg" title="File:Beatles helter skelter.ogg">"Helter Skelter"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_7" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helter_Skelter_%28song%29" title="Helter Skelter (song)">Helter Skelter</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_%28album%29" title="The Beatles (album)">The Beatles</a></i> (1968). The album's music ranges from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> composition "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_9" title="Revolution 9">Revolution 9</a>" to the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music#Origins:_late_1960s_and_early_1970s" title="Heavy metal music">proto-metal</a> roar" of this song.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to these files? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>During recording sessions for the album, which stretched from late May to mid-October 1968, relations among the band's members grew openly divisive. Starr quit for a period, leaving McCartney to perform drums on several tracks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1988a151_161-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1988a151-161">[162]</a></sup> Lennon's romantic preoccupation with avant-garde artist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> contributed to tension within the band and he lost interest in co-writing with McCartney.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008513_162-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008513-162">[163]</a></sup> Flouting the group's well-established understanding that they would not take partners into the studio, Lennon insisted on bringing Ono, anyway disliked by Harrison, to all of the sessions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b103_163-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b103-163">[164]</a></sup> Increasingly contemptuous of McCartney's creative input, he began to identify the latter's compositions as "granny music", dismissing "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ob-La-Di,_Ob-La-Da" title="Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da">Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da</a>" as "granny shit".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006246_164-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006246-164">[165]</a></sup> Recalling the <i>White Album</i> sessions, Lennon gave a curiously foreshortened summing-up of the band's history from that point on, saying, "It's like if you took each track off it and made it all mine and all Paul's... just me and a backing group, Paul and a backing group, and I enjoyed it. We broke up then."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b102_165-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b102-165">[166]</a></sup> McCartney also recalled that the sessions marked the start of the break-up, saying, "Up to that point, the world was a problem, but we weren't" which had always been "the best thing about The Beatles".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000237_166-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Beatles2000237-166">[167]</a></sup> Issued in November, the <i>White Album</i> was the band's first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a> album release. The new label was a subsidiary of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps</a>, formed by the group on their return from India, fulfilling a plan of Epstein's to create a tax-effective business structure.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008470_167-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008470-167">[168]</a></sup> The record attracted more than two million advance orders, selling nearly four million copies in the US in little over a month, and its tracks dominated the playlists of US radio stations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008528_168-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008528-168">[169]</a></sup> Despite its popularity, it did not receive flattering reviews at the time. According to Jonathan Gould,<br />
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TheBeatles68LP.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="220" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/TheBeatles68LP.jpg/220px-TheBeatles68LP.jpg" width="220" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TheBeatles68LP.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div><i>The Beatles</i> was released 1968, popularly referred to the <i>White Album</i> for its bare cover simply embossed with the band's name.</div></div></div><blockquote class="templatequote"><div>The critical response... ranged from mixed to flat. In marked contrast to <i>Sgt. Pepper</i>, which had helped to establish an entire genre of literate rock criticism, the <i>White Album</i> inspired no critical writing of any note. Even the most sympathetic reviewers... clearly didn't know what to make of this shapeless outpouring of songs. <i>Newsweek's</i> Hubert Saal, citing the high proportion of parodies, accused the group of getting their tongues caught in their cheeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008528_168-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008528-168">[169]</a></sup></div></blockquote>General critical opinion eventually turned in favour of the <i>White Album</i>, and in 2003 <i>Rolling Stone</i> ranked it as the tenth greatest album of all time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003_110-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolling_Stone2003-110">[111]</a></sup> Pitchfork describes it as "large and sprawling, overflowing with ideas but also with indulgences, and filled with a hugely variable array of material ... its failings are as essential to its character as its triumphs."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichardson2009_169-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichardson2009-169">[170]</a></sup> Allmusic observes, "Clearly, The Beatles' two main songwriting forces were no longer on the same page, but neither were George and Ringo"; yet "Lennon turns in two of his best ballads", McCartney's songs are "stunning", Harrison is seen to have become "a songwriter who deserved wider exposure" and Starr's composition is "a delight".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009d_170-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009d-170">[171]</a></sup><br />
By now the interest in Beatles' lyrics was taking a serious turn. When Lennon's song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_%28song%29" title="Revolution (song)">Revolution</a>" had been released as a single in August ahead of the <i>White Album</i>, its messages seemed clear: "free your mind", and "count me out" of any talk about destruction as a means to an end.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008492_171-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008492-171">[172]</a></sup> In a year characterized by student protests that stretched from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">Warsaw</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_1968_in_France" title="May 1968 in France">Paris</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">Chicago</a>, the response from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism" title="Political radicalism">radical</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a> was scathing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005295.E2.80.9396_172-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005295.E2.80.9396-172">[173]</a></sup> However, the <i>White Album</i> version of the song, "Revolution 1", added an extra word, "count me out ... <i>in</i>", implying a change of heart since the single's release. The chronology was in fact reversed—the ambivalent album version was recorded first—but some felt that The Beatles were now saying that political violence might indeed be justifiable.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005283.E2.80.9384_173-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005283.E2.80.9384-173">[174]</a></sup><br />
The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_%28album%29" title="Yellow Submarine (album)"><i>Yellow Submarine</i> LP</a> finally appeared in January 1969. It contained only four previously unreleased songs, along with the title track (already issued on <i>Revolver</i>), "All You Need Is Love" (already issued as a single and on the US <i>Magical Mystery Tour</i> LP) and seven instrumental pieces composed by Martin. Because of the paucity of new Beatles' music, Allmusic suggests the album might be "inessential" but for Harrison's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_All_Too_Much" title="It's All Too Much">It's All Too Much</a>", "the jewel of the new songs... resplendent in swirling <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a>, larger-than-life percussion, and tidal waves of feedback guitar... a virtuoso excursion into otherwise hazy psychedelia".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterbergerEder2009_174-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterbergerEder2009-174">[175]</a></sup><br />
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Abbey_Road.2C_Let_It_Be_and_break-up"><i>Abbey Road</i>, <i>Let It Be</i> and break-up</span></h4><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3_Savile_Row.jpg"><img alt="A terrace house with four floors and an attic. It is red brick, with a slate roof, and the ground floor rendered in imitation of stone and painted white. Each upper floor has four sash windows, divided into small panes. The door, with a canopy over it, occupies the place of the second window from the left on the ground floor." class="thumbimage" height="255" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/3_Savile_Row.jpg/170px-3_Savile_Row.jpg" width="170" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:3_Savile_Row.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>Apple Corps building at 3 Savile Row, site of the <i>Let It Be</i> rooftop concert</div></div></div>Although <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be" title="Let It Be">Let It Be</a></i> was the band's final album release, most of it was recorded before <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road" title="Abbey Road">Abbey Road</a></i>. Initially titled <i>Get Back</i>, <i>Let It Be</i> originated from an idea Martin attributes to McCartney: to prepare new material and "perform it before a live audience for the very first time—on record and on film. In other words make a live album of new material, which no one had ever done before."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539_175-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539-175">[176]</a></sup> In the event, much of the album's content came from studio work, many hours of which were captured on film by director <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Lindsay-Hogg" title="Michael Lindsay-Hogg">Michael Lindsay-Hogg</a>. Martin said that rehearsals and recording for the project, which occupied much of January 1969, were "not at all a happy ... experience. It was a time when relations between The Beatles were at their lowest ebb."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539_175-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539-175">[176]</a></sup> Aggravated by both McCartney and Lennon, Harrison walked out for a week. He returned with keyboardist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Preston" title="Billy Preston">Billy Preston</a>, who participated in the last ten days of sessions and was credited on the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Back" title="Get Back">Get Back</a>" single—the only other musician to receive such acknowledgment on an official Beatles recording. The band members had reached an impasse on a concert location, rejecting among several concepts a boat at sea, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisian</a> desert and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>. Ultimately, the final live performance by The Beatles, accompanied by Preston, was filmed on the rooftop of the Apple Corps building at 3 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">Savile Row</a>, London, on 30 January 1969.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539_175-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b539-175">[176]</a></sup><br />
Engineer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyn_Johns" title="Glyn Johns">Glyn Johns</a> worked for months assembling various iterations of a <i>Get Back</i> album, while the band turned to other concerns. Conflict arose regarding the appointment of a financial adviser, the need for which had become evident without Epstein to manage business affairs. Lennon, Harrison and Starr favoured <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Klein" title="Allen Klein">Allen Klein</a>, who had negotiated contracts for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> and other UK bands during the British Invasion. McCartney wanted John Eastman, brother of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda Eastman</a>, whom McCartney married on 12 March (eight days before Lennon and Ono wed).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a612_176-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a612-176">[177]</a></sup> Agreement could not be reached, so both were appointed, but further conflict ensued and financial opportunities were lost.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a612_176-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a612-176">[177]</a></sup><br />
Martin was surprised when McCartney contacted him and asked him to produce another album, as the <i>Get Back</i> sessions had been "a miserable experience" and he had "thought it was the end of the road for all of us... they were becoming unpleasant people—to themselves as well as to other people."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008560_177-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008560-177">[178]</a></sup> Recording sessions for <i>Abbey Road</i> began in late February. Lennon rejected Martin's proposed format of "a continuously moving piece of music", and wanted his own and McCartney's songs to occupy separate sides of the album.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008560_177-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008560-177">[178]</a></sup> The eventual format, with individually composed songs on the first side and the second largely comprising a medley, was McCartney's suggested compromise.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008560_177-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008560-177">[178]</a></sup> On 4 July, while work on the album was in progress, the first solo single by a member of The Beatles appeared: Lennon's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give_Peace_a_Chance" title="Give Peace a Chance">Give Peace a Chance</a>", credited to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_Ono_Band" title="Plastic Ono Band">Plastic Ono Band</a>. The completion of the <i>Abbey Road</i> track "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_You_%28She%27s_So_Heavy%29" title="I Want You (She's So Heavy)">I Want You (She's So Heavy)</a>" on 20 August 1969 was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio. Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September, but agreed that no public announcement would be made until a number of legal matters were resolved.<br />
<table class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody>
<tr> <td class="mbox-image"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><img alt="" height="50" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" width="50" /></div></div></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><div class="haudio"><div class="fn" style="padding: 2px 0pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:I_want_you.ogg" title="File:I want you.ogg">"I Want You (She's So Heavy)"</a></div><div><div id="ogg_player_8" style="width: 220px;"><div><button style="text-align: center; width: 220px;" title="Play sound"><img alt="Play sound" height="22" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/extensions/OggHandler/play.png" width="22" /></button></div></div></div><div class="description" style="padding: 0pt;">Sample of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_You_%28She%27s_So_Heavy%29" title="I Want You (She's So Heavy)">I Want You (She's So Heavy)</a>" from <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road" title="Abbey Road">Abbey Road</a></i> (1969). The completion of this song on 20 August 1969 marked the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio.</div></div><hr /></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="mbox-text" colspan="2" style="line-height: 1.1em;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Problems listening to this file? See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" title="Wikipedia:Media help">media help</a>.</i></span></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>Released six days after Lennon's declaration, <i>Abbey Road</i> sold four million copies within two months and topped the UK chart for eleven weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett1999271_178-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett1999271-178">[179]</a></sup> Its second track, the ballad "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something" title="Something">Something</a>", was also issued as a single—the first and only song by Harrison to appear as a Beatles' A side.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiles1997553_179-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiles1997553-179">[180]</a></sup> <i>Abbey Road</i> received mixed reviews, although the medley met with general acclaim.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008593_180-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008593-180">[181]</a></sup> Allmusic considers it "a fitting swan song for the group" containing "some of the greatest harmonies to be heard on any rock record".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009d_181-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009d-181">[182]</a></sup> MacDonald calls it "erratic and often hollow": "Had it not been for McCartney's input as designer of the Long Medley... <i>Abbey Road</i> would lack the semblance of unity and coherence that makes it appear better than it is."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005367_182-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005367-182">[183]</a></sup> Martin singled it out as his personal favourite of all the band's albums; Lennon said it was "competent" but had "no life in it", calling "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_Silver_Hammer" title="Maxwell's Silver Hammer">Maxwell's Silver Hammer</a>" "more of Paul's granny music".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b3_183-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000b3-183">[184]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006281_184-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006281-184">[185]</a></sup> Recording engineer Geoff Emerick noted that the replacement of the studio's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">valve</a> mixing console with a transistorized one produced a less punchy sound, leaving the group frustrated at the thinner tone and lack of impact.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006277_185-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmerickMassey2006277-185">[186]</a></sup><br />
For the still uncompleted <i>Get Back</i> album, the final new Beatles' song, Harrison's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Me_Mine" title="I Me Mine">I Me Mine</a>" was recorded on 3 January 1970. Lennon, in Denmark at the time, did not participate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn1988b_186-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn1988b-186">[187]</a></sup> To complete the album, now retitled <i>Let It Be</i>, in March Klein gave the <i>Get Back</i> session tapes to American producer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a>. Known for his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a> approach, Spector had recently produced Lennon's solo single "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_Karma%21" title="Instant Karma!">Instant Karma!</a>" In addition to remixing the <i>Get Back</i> material, Spector edited, spliced and overdubbed several of the recordings that had been intended as "live". McCartney was unhappy with Spector's treatment of the material and particularly dissatisfied with the producer's orchestration of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_and_Winding_Road" title="The Long and Winding Road">The Long and Winding Road</a>", which involved a choir and thirty-four-piece instrumental ensemble. He unsuccessfully attempted to halt the release of Spector's version.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a682_187-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a682-187">[188]</a></sup> McCartney publicly announced his departure from the band on 10 April, a week before the release of his first, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCartney_%28album%29" title="McCartney (album)">self-titled solo album</a>. Pre-release copies of McCartney's record included a press statement with a self-written interview, explaining the end of his involvement with The Beatles and his hopes for the future.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005853_188-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005853-188">[189]</a></sup><br />
On 8 May, the Spector-produced <i>Let It Be</i> was released. The accompanying single, "The Long and Winding Road", was the band's last; it was released in the United States, but not Britain. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be_%28film%29" title="Let It Be (film)"><i>Let It Be</i> documentary film</a> followed later in the month; at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> ceremony the next year, it would win the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Academy Award for Best Original Score</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Film_Institute2009_189-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Film_Institute2009-189">[190]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i> called it "a very bad film and a touching one ... about the breaking apart of this reassuring, geometrically perfect, once apparently ageless family of siblings."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008600.E2.80.931_190-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008600.E2.80.931-190">[191]</a></sup> More than one reviewer commented that some of the <i>Let It Be</i> tracks sounded better in the film than on the album.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008600.E2.80.931_190-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008600.E2.80.931-190">[191]</a></sup> Observing that <i>Let It Be</i> is the "only Beatles album to occasion negative, even hostile reviews", Allmusic describes it as "on the whole underrated... McCartney in particular offers several gems: the gospel-ish '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be_%28song%29" title="Let It Be (song)">Let It Be'</a>, which has some of his best lyrics; 'Get Back', one of his hardest rockers; and the melodic 'The Long and Winding Road', ruined by Spector's heavy-handed overdubs."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009e_191-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009e-191">[192]</a></sup> McCartney filed a suit for the dissolution of The Beatles on 31 December 1970.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2002139_192-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2002139-192">[193]</a></sup> Legal disputes continued long after the band's break-up, and the dissolution of the partnership did not take effect until 1975.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2005_193-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2005-193">[194]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2002150_194-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2002150-194">[195]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="After_the_break-up_.281970.E2.80.93present.29">After the break-up (1970–present)</span></h3><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborations_between_ex-Beatles" title="Collaborations between ex-Beatles">Collaborations between ex-Beatles</a></div><dl><dt>1970s</dt>
</dl>Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr all released solo albums in 1970. Further albums followed from each, sometimes with the involvement of one or more of the others. Starr's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_%28album%29" title="Ringo (album)">Ringo</a></i> (1973) was the only album to include compositions and performances by all four, albeit on separate songs. With Starr's collaboration, Harrison staged <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh" title="The Concert for Bangladesh">The Concert for Bangladesh</a> in New York City in August 1971 with sitar maestro <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a>. Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">bootlegged</a> as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Toot_and_a_Snore_in_%2774" title="A Toot and a Snore in '74">A Toot and a Snore in '74</a></i>), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandford2006227.E2.80.9329_195-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandford2006227.E2.80.9329-195">[196]</a></sup><br />
Two double-LP sets of The Beatles' greatest hits compiled by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Klein" title="Allen Klein">Allen Klein</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962%E2%80%931966" title="1962–1966">1962–1966</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%E2%80%931970" title="1967–1970">1967–1970</a></i>, were released in 1973, at first under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Records" title="Apple Records">Apple Records</a> imprint.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham200669_196-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham200669-196">[197]</a></sup> Commonly known as the <i>Red Album</i> and <i>Blue Album</i> respectively, each earned a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Multi-Platinum certification</a> in the United States and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Platinum certification</a> in the United Kingdom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIAA2009b_197-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERIAA2009b-197">[198]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Phonographic_Industry2009_198-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Phonographic_Industry2009-198">[199]</a></sup> Between 1976 and 1982, EMI/Capitol released a wave of Beatles' compilation albums without input from the band members. The only one to feature previously unreleased material was <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_at_the_Hollywood_Bowl" title="The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl">The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl</a></i> (1977). The first officially issued concert recordings by the group, it contained selections from two shows The Beatles played during their 1964 and 1965 US tours. After the international release of the original British albums on CD in 1987, EMI deleted this latter group of compilations—including the <i>Hollywood Bowl</i> record—from its catalogue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.2C_69_199-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.2C_69-199">[200]</a></sup><br />
The Beatles' music and enduring fame were commercially exploited in various other ways, outside the band members' creative control. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_This_and_World_War_II" title="All This and World War II">All This and World War II</a></i> (1976) was an unorthodox nonfiction film that combined World War II newsreel footage with covers of Beatles' songs by two dozen major recording artists. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musical <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania_%28musical%29" title="Beatlemania (musical)">Beatlemania</a></i>, a nostalgia revue featuring four musicians performing as The Beatles, opened in early 1977 and proved popular, spinning off five separate touring productions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWollman2006110_200-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWollman2006110-200">[201]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.E2.80.9367_201-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.E2.80.9367-201">[202]</a></sup> The Beatles tried and failed to block the 1977 release of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%21_at_the_Star-Club_in_Hamburg,_Germany;_1962" title="Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962">Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962</a></i>. The independently issued album compiled recordings made during the group's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_in_Hamburg" title="The Beatles in Hamburg">Hamburg residency</a>, taped on a basic recording machine with one microphone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraiman1976_202-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraiman1976-202">[203]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a124_203-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a124-203">[204]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band_%28film%29" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film)">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> (1978), a musical film starring the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_Gees" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Frampton" title="Peter Frampton">Peter Frampton</a>, was a commercial failure and "artistic fiasco".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham200666_204-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham200666-204">[205]</a></sup> In 1979, the band sued the producers of <i>Beatlemania</i>, settling for several million dollars in damages. "People were just thinking The Beatles were like public domain", said Harrison. "You can't just go around pilfering The Beatles' material."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.E2.80.9367_201-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIngham200666.E2.80.9367-201">[202]</a></sup><br />
<dl><dt>1980s</dt>
</dl>Lennon <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon" title="Death of John Lennon">was shot and killed</a> on 8 December 1980, in New York City. In a personal tribute, Harrison wrote new lyrics for "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Those_Years_Ago" title="All Those Years Ago">All Those Years Ago</a>", a song about his time with The Beatles recorded the month before Lennon's death. With McCartney and his wife, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda</a>, contributing backing vocals, and Starr on drums, the song was overdubbed with the new lyrics and released as a single in May 1981.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadman1999284_205-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadman1999284-205">[206]</a></sup> McCartney's own tribute, "Here Today", appeared on his <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tug_of_War_%28album%29" title="Tug of War (album)">Tug of War</a></i> album in April 1982. In 1987, Harrison's <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_Nine_%28George_Harrison_album%29" title="Cloud Nine (George Harrison album)">Cloud Nine</a></i> album included "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_We_Was_Fab" title="When We Was Fab">When We Was Fab</a>", a song about the Beatlemania era.<br />
The Beatles were inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1988, their first year of eligibility.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame2007_206-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame2007-206">[207]</a></sup> Harrison and Starr attended the ceremony along with Lennon's widow, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a>, and his two sons, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Lennon" title="Julian Lennon">Julian</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Lennon" title="Sean Lennon">Sean</a>. McCartney declined to attend, issuing a press release saying, "After 20 years, The Beatles still have some business differences which I had hoped would have been settled by now. Unfortunately, they haven't been, so I would feel like a complete hypocrite waving and smiling with them at a fake reunion."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame2009_207-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame2009-207">[208]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2002753_208-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2002753-208">[209]</a></sup> The following year, EMI/Capitol settled a decade-long lawsuit by The Beatles concerning royalties, clearing the way to commercially package previously unreleased material.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozinn1989_209-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozinn1989-209">[210]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2002192_210-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2002192-210">[211]</a></sup><br />
<dl><dt>1990s</dt>
</dl><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_at_the_BBC_%28The_Beatles_album%29" title="Live at the BBC (The Beatles album)">Live at the BBC</a></i>, the first official release of previously unissued Beatles' performances in 17 years, appeared in 1994. That same year McCartney, Harrison and Starr reunited for the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_Anthology" title="The Beatles Anthology">Anthology</a></i> project, the culmination of work begun in the late 1960s by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Aspinall" title="Neil Aspinall">Neil Aspinall</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312_211-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312-211">[212]</a></sup> Initially The Beatles' road manager, and then their personal assistant, Aspinall began to gather material for a documentary after he became director of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Corps</a> in 1968.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312_211-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312-211">[212]</a></sup> <i>The Long and Winding Road</i>, as Aspinall provisionally titled his Beatles history, was shelved, but as executive producer for the <i>Anthology</i> project Aspinall was able to complete his work.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312_211-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312-211">[212]</a></sup> Documenting the history of The Beatles in the band's own words, the project saw the release of many previously unissued Beatles' recordings; McCartney, Harrison and Starr also added new instrumental and vocal parts to two demo songs recorded by Lennon in the late 1970s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a428.E2.80.9329_212-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a428.E2.80.9329-212">[213]</a></sup> During 1995 and 1996 the project yielded a five-part television series, an eight-volume video set and three two-CD box sets. The two songs based on Lennon demos, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_as_a_Bird" title="Free as a Bird">Free as a Bird</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Love_%28John_Lennon_song%29" title="Real Love (John Lennon song)">Real Love</a>", were each released as singles.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312_211-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312-211">[212]</a></sup> The CD box sets featured artwork by Klaus Voormann, creator of the <i>Revolver</i> album cover in 1966. The releases were commercially successful and the television series was viewed by an estimated 400 million people worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312_211-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a111.E2.80.9312-211">[212]</a></sup><br />
<dl><dt>2000s</dt>
</dl><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%28The_Beatles_album%29" title="1 (The Beatles album)">1</a></i>, a compilation album of every Beatles' number one British and American hit, was released on 13 November 2000. It became the fastest-selling album of all time, with 3.6 million sold in its first week and over 12 million in three weeks worldwide. It was a number one chart hit in at least 28 countries, including the UK and the US.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECNN.com2000_213-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECNN.com2000-213">[214]</a></sup> As of April 2009, it had sold 31 million copies globally, and is the highest selling album of the decade in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis2009_214-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2009-214">[215]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine2009_215-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine2009-215">[216]</a></sup><br />
Harrison died from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a> on 29 November 2001.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2001_216-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_News_Online2001-216">[217]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2003119_217-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003119-217">[218]</a></sup> McCartney and Starr were among the musicians who performed at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_for_George" title="Concert for George">Concert for George</a>, organized by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> and Harrison's widow, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivia_Harrison" title="Olivia Harrison">Olivia</a>. The tribute event took place at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> on the first anniversary of Harrison's death. As well as songs he composed for The Beatles and his own solo career, the concert included a celebration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a>, Harrison's interest in which had influenced the band.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2003138.E2.80.9339_218-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003138.E2.80.9339-218">[219]</a></sup> In 2003, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be..._Naked" title="Let It Be... Naked">Let It Be... Naked</a></i>, a reconceived version of the album with McCartney supervising production, was released to mixed reviews. One of the main differences with the original was the omission of the original string-arrangements. It was a top ten hit in both the UK and the US.<br />
As a soundtrack for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Strip" title="Las Vegas Strip">Las Vegas</a> Beatles stage revue <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_%28Cirque_du_Soleil%29" title="Love (Cirque du Soleil)">Love</a></i>, George Martin and his son <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles_Martin" title="Giles Martin">Giles</a> remixed and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_%28music%29" title="Mashup (music)">blended</a> 130 of the band's recordings to create "a way of re-living the whole Beatles' musical lifespan in a very condensed period".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENME2006_219-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTENME2006-219">[220]</a></sup> The show premiered in June 2006, and the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_%28The_Beatles_album%29" title="Love (The Beatles album)">Love</a></i> album was released that November. Attending the show's first anniversary, McCartney and Starr were interviewed on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a></i> along with Ono and Olivia Harrison.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarry_King_Live2007_220-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarry_King_Live2007-220">[221]</a></sup> Also in 2007, reports circulated that McCartney was hoping to complete "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Now_and_Then_%28song%29" title="Now and Then (song)">Now and Then</a>", a third Lennon demo worked on during the <i>Anthology</i> sessions. It would be credited as a "Lennon/McCartney composition" with the addition of new verses, and feature a new drum track by Starr and archival recordings of Harrison playing guitar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodman2007_221-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodman2007-221">[222]</a></sup><br />
Lawyers for The Beatles sued in March 2008 to prevent the distribution of unreleased recordings purportedly made during Starr's first performance with the group at Hamburg's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star-Club" title="The Star-Club">The Star-Club</a> in 1962.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustia2009_222-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustia2009-222">[223]</a></sup> In November, McCartney discussed his hope that "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival_of_Light" title="Carnival of Light">Carnival of Light</a>", a 14-minute experimental recording The Beatles made at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a> in 1967, would receive an official release.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollett-White2008_223-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollett-White2008-223">[224]</a></sup> McCartney headlined a charity concert on 4 April 2009 at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lynch_Foundation" title="David Lynch Foundation">David Lynch Foundation</a> with guest performers including Starr.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheck2009_224-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheck2009-224">[225]</a></sup> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles:_Rock_Band" title="The Beatles: Rock Band">The Beatles: Rock Band</a></i>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">music video game</a> in the style of the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Band" title="Rock Band">Rock Band</a></i> series, was released on 9 September 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGross2009_225-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGross2009-225">[226]</a></sup> On the same day, remastered versions of the band's twelve original studio albums, <i>Magical Mystery Tour</i>, and the compilation <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_Masters" title="Past Masters">Past Masters</a></i> were issued.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKreps2009_226-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKreps2009-226">[227]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Musical_style_and_evolution">Musical style and evolution</span></h2><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennon/McCartney" title="Lennon/McCartney">Lennon/McCartney</a></div>In <i>Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever</i>, Scott Schinder and Andy Schwartz sum up The Beatles' musical evolution:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"><div>In their initial incarnation as cheerful, wisecracking moptops, the Fab Four revolutionized the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts. Their initial impact would have been enough to establish The Beatles as one of their era's most influential cultural forces, but they didn't stop there. Although their initial style was a highly original, irresistibly catchy synthesis of early American rock and roll and R&B, The Beatles spent the rest of the 1960s expanding rock's stylistic frontiers, consistently staking out new musical territory on each release. The band's increasingly sophisticated experimentation encompassed a variety of genres, including folk-rock, country, psychedelia, and baroque pop, without sacrificing the effortless mass appeal of their early work.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchinderSchwartz2007160_227-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchinderSchwartz2007160-227">[228]</a></sup></div></blockquote>In <i>The Beatles as Musicians</i>, Walter Everett points out Lennon and McCartney's contrasting motivations and approaches to composition: "McCartney may be said to have constantly developed—as a means to entertain—a focused musical talent with an ear for counterpoint and other aspects of craft in the demonstration of a universally agreed-upon common language that he did much to enrich. Conversely, Lennon's mature music is best appreciated as the daring product of a largely unconscious, searching but undisciplined artistic sensibility."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEverett19999_228-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEverett19999-228">[229]</a></sup><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_MacDonald" title="Ian MacDonald">Ian MacDonald</a>, comparing the two composers in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Head:_The_Beatles%27_Records_and_the_Sixties" title="Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties">Revolution in the Head</a></i>, describes McCartney as "a natural melodist—a creator of tunes capable of existing apart from their harmony". His melody lines are characterized as primarily "vertical", employing wide, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">consonant</a> intervals which express his "extrovert energy and optimism". Conversely, Lennon's "sedentary, ironic personality" is reflected in a "horizontal" approach featuring minimal, dissonant intervals and repetitive melodies which rely on their harmonic accompaniment for interest: "Basically a realist, he instinctively kept his melodies close to the rhythms and cadences of speech, colouring his lyrics with bluesy tone and harmony rather than creating tunes that made striking shapes of their own."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald200512_229-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald200512-229">[230]</a></sup> MacDonald praises Harrison's lead guitar work for the role his "characterful lines and textural colourings" play in supporting Lennon and McCartney's parts, and describes Starr as "the father of modern pop/rock drumming... His faintly behind-the-beat style subtly propelled The Beatles, his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_set_tuning" title="Drum set tuning">tunings</a> brought the bottom end into recorded drum sound, and his distinctly eccentric fills remain among the most memorable in pop music."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005382.E2.80.9383_230-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005382.E2.80.9383-230">[231]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Influences">Influences</span></h3>The band's earliest influences include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>, whose songs they covered more often than any other artist's in performances throughout their career.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a140.2C_660.2C_881_231-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a140.2C_660.2C_881-231">[232]</a></sup> During their co-residency with Little Richard at the Star Club in Hamburg from April to May 1962, he advised them on the proper technique for performing his songs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a660_232-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a660-232">[233]</a></sup> Of Presley, Lennon said, "Nothing really affected me until I heard Elvis. If there hadn't been Elvis, there would not have been The Beatles".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a881_233-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a881-233">[234]</a></sup> Other early influences include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cochran" title="Eddie Cochran">Eddie Cochran</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a289.2C_526.2C_830.2C_856_234-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a289.2C_526.2C_830.2C_856-234">[235]</a></sup> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers" title="The Everly Brothers">the Everly Brothers</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENash1998756_235-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTENash1998756-235">[236]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005293_236-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005293-236">[237]</a></sup> The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>, whose 1966 album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_Sounds" title="Pet Sounds">Pet Sounds</a></i> amazed and inspired McCartney.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a99.2C_217.2C_357.2C_1195_237-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a99.2C_217.2C_357.2C_1195-237">[238]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008333.E2.80.9335_238-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008333.E2.80.9335-238">[239]</a></sup> Martin stated, "Without <i>Pet Sounds</i>, <i>Sgt. Pepper</i> wouldn't have happened... <i>Pepper</i> was an attempt to equal <i>Pet Sounds</i>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuiggin2009_239-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuiggin2009-239">[240]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Genres">Genres</span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 172px;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guitarras_de_McCartney_y_Harrison.jpg"><img alt="Two electric guitars, a light brown violin-shaped bass and a darker brown guitar, rest against a Vox amplifier." class="thumbimage" height="255" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Guitarras_de_McCartney_y_Harrison.jpg/170px-Guitarras_de_McCartney_y_Harrison.jpg" width="170" /></a> <br />
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Guitarras_de_McCartney_y_Harrison.jpg" title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6fner_500/1" title="Höfner 500/1">Höfner "violin" bass guitar</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretsch" title="Gretsch">Gretsch Country Gentleman guitar</a>, models played by McCartney and Harrison, respectively. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_%28musical_equipment%29" title="Vox (musical equipment)">Vox AC30</a> amplifier behind them is the kind The Beatles used in concert.</div></div></div>Originating as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> group,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould200831_240-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould200831-240">[241]</a></sup> The Beatles soon embraced 1950s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008100_241-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008100-241">[242]</a></sup> The band's repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a>. Reflecting the range of styles they explored, Lennon said of <i>Beatles for Sale</i>, "You could call our new one a Beatles' country-and-western LP",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008255_242-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008255-242">[243]</a></sup> while Allmusic credits the band, and <i>Rubber Soul</i> in particular, as a major influence on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> movement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a_0-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a-0">[1]</a></sup> Beginning with the use of a string quartet on <i>Help!</i><span style="padding-left: 0.1em;">'</span>s "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday_%28song%29" title="Yesterday (song)">Yesterday</a>", they also incorporated <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> elements. As Jonathan Gould points out however, it was not "even remotely the first pop record to make prominent use of strings—although it was the first Beatles' recording to do so ... it was rather that the more traditional sound of strings allowed for a fresh appreciation of their talent as composers by listeners who were otherwise allergic to the din of drums and electric guitars."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008278_243-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008278-243">[244]</a></sup> The group applied strings to various effect. Of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/She%27s_Leaving_Home" title="She's Leaving Home">She's Leaving Home</a>", for instance, recorded for <i>Sgt. Pepper</i>, Gould writes that it "is cast in the <span lang="en-US">mold</span> of a sentimental Victorian ballad, its words and music filled with the clichés of musical melodrama."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008402_244-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008402-244">[245]</a></sup><br />
The band's stylistic range expanded in another direction in 1966 with the B-side to the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperback_Writer" title="Paperback Writer">Paperback Writer</a>" single: "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_%28The_Beatles_song%29" title="Rain (The Beatles song)">Rain</a>", described by Martin Strong in <i>The Great Rock Discography</i> as "the first overtly psychedelic Beatles' record".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrong2004108_245-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrong2004108-245">[246]</a></sup> Other <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelic</a> numbers followed, such as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow_Never_Knows" title="Tomorrow Never Knows">Tomorrow Never Knows</a>" (actually recorded before "Rain"), "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_Forever" title="Strawberry Fields Forever">Strawberry Fields Forever</a>", "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_in_the_Sky_with_Diamonds" title="Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds">Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</a>", and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_the_Walrus" title="I Am the Walrus">I Am the Walrus</a>". The influence of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a> was evident in songs such as Harrison's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_You_To" title="Love You To">Love You To</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Within_You_Without_You" title="Within You Without You">Within You Without You</a>", whose intent, writes Gould, was "to replicate the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">raga</a> form in miniature".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008406_246-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008406-246">[247]</a></sup> Summing up the band's musical evolution, music historian and pianist Michael Campbell identifies innovation as its most striking feature. He writes, "'<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>' encapsulates the art and achievement of The Beatles as well as any single track can. It highlights key features of their music: the sound imagination, the persistence of tuneful melody, and the close coordination between words and music. It represents a new category of song—more sophisticated than pop, more accessible and down to earth than pop, and uniquely innovative. There literally had never before been a song—classical or vernacular—that had blended so many disparate elements so imaginatively."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbell2008196_247-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbell2008196-247">[248]</a></sup> Music theorist Bruce Ellis Benson agrees: "Composers may be able to conceive new rhythms and chord progressions, but these are usually improvisations upon current rhythms and chord progressions. The Beatles ... give us a wonderful example of how such far-ranging influences as Celtic music, rhythm and blues, and country and western could be put together in a new way."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenson200343_248-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenson200343-248">[249]</a></sup><br />
In <i>The Songwriting Secrets of The Beatles</i>, Dominic Pedler also emphasizes the importance of the way they combined genres: "One of the greatest of The Beatles' achievements was the songwriting juggling act they managed for most of their career. Far from moving sequentially from one genre to another (as is sometimes conveniently suggested) the group maintained <i>in parallel</i> their mastery of the traditional, catchy chart hit while simultaneously forging rock and dabbling with a wide range of peripheral influences from Country to vaudeville. One of these threads was their take on folk music, which would form such essential groundwork for their later collisions with Indian music and philosophy."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPedler2001256_249-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPedler2001256-249">[250]</a></sup> As the personal relationships between the band members grew increasingly strained, their individual influences became more apparent. The minimalistic cover artwork for the <i>White Album</i> contrasted with the complexity and diversity of its music, which encompassed Lennon's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_9" title="Revolution 9">Revolution 9</a>", whose <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> approach was influenced by Yoko Ono; Starr's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> song "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Pass_Me_By" title="Don't Pass Me By">Don't Pass Me By</a>"; Harrison's <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_ballad" title="Rock ballad">rock ballad</a> "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_My_Guitar_Gently_Weeps" title="While My Guitar Gently Weeps">While My Guitar Gently Weeps</a>"; and the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metal_music#Origins:_late_1960s_and_early_1970s" title="Heavy metal music">proto-metal</a> roar" of McCartney's "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helter_Skelter_%28song%29" title="Helter Skelter (song)">Helter Skelter</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009d_170-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009d-170">[171]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Contribution_of_George_Martin">Contribution of George Martin</span></h3><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a>'s close involvement with The Beatles in his role as producer made him one of the leading candidates for the informal title of "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Beatle" title="Fifth Beatle">fifth Beatle</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a721_250-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a721-250">[251]</a></sup> He brought his classical musical training to bear in various ways.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008121_251-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008121-251">[252]</a></sup> The string quartet accompaniment to "Yesterday" was his idea—the band members were initially unenthusiastic about the concept, but the result was a revelation to them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008290_252-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008290-252">[253]</a></sup> Gould also describes how, "as Lennon and McCartney became progressively more ambitious in their songwriting, Martin began to function as an informal music teacher to them". This, coupled with his willingness to experiment in response to their suggestions—such as adding "something <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque</a>" to a particular recording—facilitated their creative development.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008290_252-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008290-252">[253]</a></sup> As well as scoring orchestral arrangements for Beatles' recordings, Martin often performed, playing instruments including piano, organ and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008382.2C_405.2C_409.2C_443.2C_584_253-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008382.2C_405.2C_409.2C_443.2C_584-253">[254]</a></sup><br />
Looking back on the making of <i>Sgt. Pepper</i>, Martin said, "'Sergeant Pepper' itself didn't appear until halfway through making the album. It was Paul's song, just an ordinary rock number and not particularly brilliant as songs go ... Paul said, 'Why don't we make the album as though the Pepper band really existed, as though Sergeant Pepper was making the record? We'll dub in effects and things.' I loved the idea, and from that moment on it was as though <i>Pepper</i> had a life of its own." Recalling how strongly the song contrasted with Lennon's compositions, Martin spoke too of his own stabilizing influence:<br />
<blockquote class="templatequote"><div>Compared with Paul's songs, all of which seemed to keep in some sort of touch with reality, John's had a psychedelic, almost mystical quality ... John's imagery is one of the best things about his work—"tangerine trees", "marmalade skies", "cellophane flowers" ... I always saw him as an aural <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, rather than some drug-ridden record artist. On the other hand, I would be stupid to pretend that drugs didn't figure quite heavily in The Beatles' lives at that time. At the same time they knew that I, in my schoolmasterly role, didn't approve ... Not only was I not into it myself, I couldn't see the need for it; and there's no doubt that, if I too had been on dope, <i>Pepper</i> would never have been the album it was.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECateforis200763_254-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECateforis200763-254">[255]</a></sup></div></blockquote>Harrison echoed Martin's description of his stabilizing role: "I think we just grew through those years together, him as the straight man and us as the loonies; but he was always there for us to interpret our madness—we used to be slightly avant-garde on certain days of the week, and he would be there as the anchor person, to communicate that through the engineers and on to the tape."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2003264_255-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2003264-255">[256]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_the_studio">In the studio</span></h3><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_recording_technology" title="The Beatles' recording technology">The Beatles' recording technology</a></div>The Beatles made innovative use of technology, treating the studio as an instrument in itself. They urged experimentation by Martin and their recording engineers, regularly demanding that something new be tried because "it might just sound good".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewisohn199613_256-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewisohn199613-256">[257]</a></sup> At the same time they constantly sought ways to put chance occurrences to creative use. Accidental guitar feedback, a resonating glass bottle, a tape loaded the wrong way round so that it played backwards—any of these might be incorporated into their music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHertsgaard1995103_257-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHertsgaard1995103-257">[258]</a></sup> The Beatles' desire to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Smith_%28record_producer%29" title="Norman Smith (record producer)">Norman Smith</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Townsend" title="Ken Townsend">Ken Townsend</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Emerick" title="Geoff Emerick">Geoff Emerick</a>, all contributed significantly to their records from <i>Rubber Soul</i> and, especially, <i>Revolver</i> forward.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHertsgaard1995103_257-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHertsgaard1995103-257">[258]</a></sup> Along with studio tricks such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">sound effects</a>, unconventional microphone placements, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">tape loops</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_tracking" title="Double tracking">double tracking</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vari-speed" title="Vari-speed">vari-speed</a> recording, The Beatles augmented their songs with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a> in "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Wood_%28This_Bird_Has_Flown%29" title="Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)">Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)</a>" and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarmandal" title="Swarmandal">swarmandal</a> in "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_Forever" title="Strawberry Fields Forever">Strawberry Fields Forever</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005212_258-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005212-258">[259]</a></sup> They also used early electronic instruments such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellotron" title="Mellotron">Mellotron</a>, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the "Strawberry Fields" intro,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005219_259-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005219-259">[260]</a></sup> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavioline" title="Clavioline">clavioline</a>, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby,_You%27re_a_Rich_Man" title="Baby, You're a Rich Man">Baby, You're a Rich Man</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005259_260-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005259-260">[261]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_influence_on_popular_culture" title="The Beatles' influence on popular culture">The Beatles' influence on popular culture</a></div>The Beatles' influence on popular culture was—and remains—immense. Former <i>Rolling Stone</i> associate editor Robert Greenfield said, "People are still looking at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a> ... at artists who broke through the constraints of their time period to come up with something that was unique and original. In the form that they worked in, in the form of popular music, no one will ever be more revolutionary, more creative and more distinctive than The Beatles were."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGross2009_225-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGross2009-225">[226]</a></sup> From the 1920s, the United States had dominated popular entertainment culture throughout much of the world, via <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> movies, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, the music of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> and, later, the rock and roll that first emerged in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20089_261-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20089-261">[262]</a></sup> Drawing on their rock and roll roots, The Beatles not only triggered the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> of the US, but themselves became a globally influential phenomenon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJovanovic200414.E2.80.9315_262-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJovanovic200414.E2.80.9315-262">[263]</a></sup><br />
The Beatles' musical innovations, as well as their commercial success, inspired musicians worldwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJovanovic200414.E2.80.9315_262-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJovanovic200414.E2.80.9315-262">[263]</a></sup> A large number of artists have acknowledged The Beatles as an influence or have had chart successes with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artists_who_have_covered_The_Beatles" title="List of artists who have covered The Beatles">covers of Beatles' songs</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_Radio_22009_263-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_Radio_22009-263">[264]</a></sup> On radio, the arrival of The Beatles marked the beginning of a new era; program directors like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Sklar" title="Rick Sklar">Rick Sklar</a> of New York's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WABC_%28AM%29" title="WABC (AM)">WABC</a> went as far as forbidding DJs from playing any "pre-Beatles" music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher2007198_264-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2007198-264">[265]</a></sup> The Beatles redefined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Album" title="Album">album</a> as something more than just a few hits padded out with "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_%28media%29" title="Filler (media)">filler</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWomack200615.E2.80.9316_265-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWomack200615.E2.80.9316-265">[266]</a></sup> They were primary innovators of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAusterlitz200717.E2.80.9319_266-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAusterlitz200717.E2.80.9319-266">[267]</a></sup> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shea_Stadium" title="Shea Stadium">Shea Stadium</a> date with which they opened their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_1965_US_tour" title="The Beatles' 1965 US tour">1965 North American tour</a> attracted what was then the largest audience in concert history and is seen as a "landmark event in the growth of the rock crowd."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaksman200926_267-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaksman200926-267">[268]</a></sup> Emulation of their clothing and especially their hairstyles, which became a mark of rebellion, had a global impact on fashion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould2008345_78-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould2008345-78">[79]</a></sup><br />
More broadly, The Beatles changed the way people listened to popular music and experienced its role in their lives.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939_268-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939-268">[269]</a></sup> From what began as the Beatlemania fad, the group grew to be perceived by their young fans across the industrialized world as the representatives, even the embodiment, of ideals associated with cultural transformation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939_268-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939-268">[269]</a></sup> As icons of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s counterculture</a>, they became a catalyst for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemianism</a> and activism in various social and political arenas, fueling such movements as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">women's liberation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Liberation" title="Gay Liberation">gay Liberation</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">environmentalism</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939_268-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGould20088.E2.80.939-268">[269]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</span></h2><div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_The_Beatles" title="List of awards and nominations received by The Beatles">List of awards and nominations received by The Beatles</a></div>In 1965, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> appointed the four Beatles <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpitz2005556_96-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpitz2005556-96">[97]</a></sup> The Beatles film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be_%28film%29" title="Let It Be (film)">Let It Be</a></i> (1970) won the 1971 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Music_%28Scoring%29#1970s" title="Academy Award for Best Music (Scoring)">Best Original Song Score</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Film_Institute2009_189-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Film_Institute2009-189">[190]</a></sup> The Beatles have received 7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrammy.com_5-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrammy.com-5">[6]</a></sup> and 15 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a559.E2.80.9360_6-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a559.E2.80.9360-6">[7]</a></sup> They have been awarded 6 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Diamond albums</a>, as well as 24 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Multi-Platinum albums</a>, 39 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Platinum albums</a> and 45 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Gold albums</a> in the United States,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIAA2009b_197-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERIAA2009b-197">[198]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIAA2009c_269-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERIAA2009c-269">[270]</a></sup> while in the UK they have 4 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Multi-Platinum albums</a>, 4 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Platinum albums</a>, 8 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Gold albums</a> and 1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" title="Music recording sales certification">Silver album</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBritish_Phonographic_Industry2009_198-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBritish_Phonographic_Industry2009-198">[199]</a></sup> The group were inducted into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> in 1988. In 2008, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_%28magazine%29" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine released a list of the all-time top-selling <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100" title="Billboard Hot 100">Hot 100</a> artists to celebrate the US singles chart's fiftieth anniversary—the Beatles ranked number one.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillboard2008_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillboard2008-4">[5]</a></sup> In 2009, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> certified that The Beatles have sold more albums in the US than any other artist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERIAA2009a_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTERIAA2009a-3">[4]</a></sup> The Beatles have had more number one albums, 15, on the UK charts and held down the top spot longer, 174 weeks, than any other musical act.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEeveryHit.com2009_2-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEeveryHit.com2009-2">[3]</a></sup> The Beatles were collectively included in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_%28magazine%29" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine's compilation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">the 20th century's 100 most influential people</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoder1998_7-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoder1998-7">[8]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span></h2><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_discography" title="The Beatles discography">The Beatles discography</a></div><div class="rellink">Further information: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Beatles_songs" title="List of The Beatles songs">List of The Beatles songs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Beatles%27_record_sales" title="List of The Beatles' record sales">List of The Beatles' record sales</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles%27_recording_sessions" title="The Beatles' recording sessions">The Beatles' recording sessions</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_bootleg_recordings" title="The Beatles bootleg recordings">The Beatles bootleg recordings</a></div><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Original_UK_LPs">Original UK LPs</span></h3><ul><li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Please_Please_Me" title="Please Please Me">Please Please Me</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With_The_Beatles" title="With The Beatles">With The Beatles</a></i> (1963)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Hard_Day%27s_Night_%28album%29" title="A Hard Day's Night (album)">A Hard Day's Night</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles_for_Sale" title="Beatles for Sale">Beatles for Sale</a></i> (1964)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%21_%28album%29" title="Help! (album)">Help!</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_Soul" title="Rubber Soul">Rubber Soul</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver_%28album%29" title="Revolver (album)">Revolver</a></i> (1966)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgt._Pepper%27s_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band" title="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band">Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</a></i> (1967)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_%28album%29" title="The Beatles (album)">The Beatles</a></i> (aka the <i>White Album</i>) (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_%28album%29" title="Yellow Submarine (album)">Yellow Submarine</a></i> (1969)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road" title="Abbey Road">Abbey Road</a></i> (1969)</li>
<li><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_It_Be" title="Let It Be">Let It Be</a></i> (1970)</li>
</ul>(For <i>Magical Mystery Tour</i>, see <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_Remastered" title="The Beatles Remastered">CD releases</a> below.)<br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="CD_releases">CD releases</span></h3><dl><dt>1980s</dt>
</dl>In 1987, EMI and Apple Corps released all of the Beatles' studio albums on CD. With this release, the band's catalogue was standardized throughout the world, establishing a canon composed of the twelve original studio albums as issued in the United Kingdom (listed above), as well as the US album version of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_Mystery_Tour" title="Magical Mystery Tour">Magical Mystery Tour</a></i> (1967), which had been released as a shorter double EP in the UK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEMI7_April_2009_270-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEMI7_April_2009-270">[271]</a></sup> All the remaining Beatles' material from the singles and EPs which had not been issued on the original studio albums was gathered on the two-volume compilation <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_Masters" title="Past Masters">Past Masters</a></i> (1988).<br />
<dl><dt>2000s</dt>
</dl>The US album configurations from 1964–1965 were released as box sets in 2004 and 2006 (<i>The Capitol Albums</i> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Capitol_Albums,_Volume_1" title="The Capitol Albums, Volume 1">Volume 1</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Capitol_Albums,_Volume_2" title="The Capitol Albums, Volume 2">Volume 2</a></i> respectively); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of the music's original American release.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009e_271-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009e-271">[272]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009f_272-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErlewine2009f-272">[273]</a></sup><br />
On 9 September 2009, the Beatles' entire back catalogue was reissued following an extensive digital remastering process that lasted four years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEMI7_April_2009_270-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEMI7_April_2009-270">[271]</a></sup> Stereo editions of all twelve original UK studio albums, along with <i>Magical Mystery Tour</i> and <i>Past Masters</i>, were released on compact disc both individually and as a box set. A second collection included all mono titles along with the original 1965 stereo mixes of <i>Help!</i> and <i>Rubber Soul</i> (The 1987 CD issues of these two albums were remixed by George Martin).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollett-White2009_273-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollett-White2009-273">[274]</a></sup> For a limited time, a brief video documentary about the remastering was included on each stereo CD.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC_Radio_6_Music_News2009_274-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC_Radio_6_Music_News2009-274">[275]</a></sup> In <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojo_%28magazine%29" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i>, Danny Eccleston wrote, "Ever since The Beatles first emerged on CD in 1987, there have been complaints about the sound". In support of the opinion that the original vinyl had significant advantages over the early CDs in clarity and dynamism, he suggested, "Compare 'Paperback Writer'/'Rain' on crackly 45, with its weedy <i>Past Masters</i> CD version, and the case is closed." Prior to the release of the 2009 remasters, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a> invited <i>Mojo</i> reviewers to hear a sample of the work, advising, "You're in for a shock." In his release-day review of the full product, Eccleston reported that "brilliantly, that's still how it feels a month later."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccleston2009_275-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccleston2009-275">[276]</a></sup><br />
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Digital_music">Digital music</span></h3>The Beatles were among the few major artists whose recorded catalogue was not available through online music services such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster_%28pay_service%29" title="Napster (pay service)">Napster</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELa_Monica2005_276-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTELa_Monica2005-276">[277]</a></sup> Residual disagreement stemming from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Corps_v_Apple_Computer" title="Apple Corps v Apple Computer">Apple Corps' dispute with Apple, Inc.</a> (owners and creators of iTunes) over the use of the name "Apple" was partly responsible, although in November 2008, McCartney stated that the main obstacle was that EMI "want something we're not prepared to give them."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008_277-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2008-277">[278]</a></sup> In March 2009, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> reported that "the prospect of an independent, Beatles-specific digital music store" had been raised by Harrison's son, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhani_Harrison" title="Dhani Harrison">Dhani</a>, who said, "We're losing money every day. ... So what do you do? You have to have your own delivery system, or you have to do a good deal with [Apple, Inc. CEO] <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>. ... [He] says that a download is worth 99 cents, and we disagree."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichaels2009_278-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichaels2009-278">[279]</a></sup> On 30 October, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_%28magazine%29" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired.com</a> reported that an online service, BlueBeat, was making available the entire Beatles' catalogue, via both purchasable downloads and free streaming.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Buskirk2009_279-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Buskirk2009-279">[280]</a></sup> Neither EMI nor Apple Corps had authorized the distribution,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnett2009_280-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnett2009-280">[281]</a></sup> and within a week BlueBeat was legally barred from handling the band's music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_BuskirkKravets2009_281-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_BuskirkKravets2009-281">[282]</a></sup> In December 2009, the Beatles' catalogue was officially released in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Free Lossless Audio Codec">FLAC</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> format in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles_Stereo_Box_Set#Limited_edition_USB_flash_drive" title="The Beatles Stereo Box Set">a limited edition of 30,000 USB flash drives</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartens2009_282-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartens2009-282">[283]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeatlesStoreUSA2009_283-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeatlesStoreUSA2009-283">[284]</a></sup> On 16 November 2010, the official canon of thirteen studio albums, <i>Past Masters</i>, and the <i>Red</i> and <i>Blue</i> greatest-hits albums were made available on iTunes. A video recording of the band's first US concert in 1964 was also made available for purchase as part of a digital "boxed set" of the catalogue and for free streaming through the end of 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAswad2010_284-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAswad2010-284">[285]</a></sup><br />
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Song_catalogue">Song catalogue</span></h2>In 1963 Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr agreed to assign their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_publisher_%28popular_music%29" title="Music publisher (popular music)">song publishing rights</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Songs" title="Northern Songs">Northern Songs</a>, a company created by music publisher <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_James" title="Dick James">Dick James</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a571_285-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2000a571-285">[286]</a></sup> Administered by his company Dick James Music, Northern Songs went <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">public</a> in 1965 with Lennon and McCartney each holding 15% of the company's shares and James and the company's chairman, Charles Silver, holding a controlling 37.5%. After a failed attempt by Lennon and McCartney to buy the company, James and Silver sold Northern Songs in 1969 to British TV company <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Television" title="Associated Television">Associated Television</a> (ATV), in which Lennon and McCartney received stock.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuest20068_286-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuest20068-286">[287]</a></sup> Briefly owned by Australian business magnate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Holmes_%C3%A0_Court" title="Robert Holmes à Court">Robert Holmes à Court</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_TeleVision#ATV_Music" title="Associated TeleVision">ATV Music</a> was sold in 1985 to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> for a reported $47 million (trumping a joint bid by McCartney and Yoko Ono), giving him control over the publishing rights to more than 200 songs composed by Lennon and McCartney.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times1995_287-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times1995-287">[288]</a></sup><br />
Jackson and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony/ATV_Music_Publishing" title="Sony/ATV Music Publishing">merged their music publishing businesses</a> in 1995,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times1995_287-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTENew_York_Times1995-287">[288]</a></sup> becoming joint owners of most of the Lennon-McCartney songs recorded by the Beatles, although Lennon's estate and McCartney still receive their respective shares of the royalties. Although the Jackson-Sony catalogue includes most of the Beatles' greatest hits, some of their earliest songs were published by an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> subsidiary, Ardmore & Beechwood, before Lennon and McCartney signed with James. McCartney acquired the publishing rights to "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Me_Do" title="Love Me Do">Love Me Do</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.S._I_Love_You_%28The_Beatles_song%29" title="P.S. I Love You (The Beatles song)">P.S. I Love You</a>" from Ardmore in the 1980s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarry2002536_288-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarry2002536-288">[289]</a></sup> Harrison and Starr allowed their songwriting contracts with Northern Songs to lapse in 1968, signing with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Corps" title="Apple Corps">Apple Publishing</a> instead. Harrison created <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisongs" title="Harrisongs">Harrisongs</a>, which still owns the rights to his post-1967 songs such as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/While_My_Guitar_Gently_Weeps" title="While My Guitar Gently Weeps">While My Guitar Gently Weeps</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something" title="Something">Something</a>", while Starr's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startling_Music" title="Startling Music">Startling Music</a> holds the rights to his own post-1967 songs recorded by the Beatles, "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Pass_Me_By" title="Don't Pass Me By">Don't Pass Me By</a>" and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus%27s_Garden" title="Octopus's Garden">Octopus's Garden</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005351_289-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2005351-289">[290]</a></sup>georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453638140592058455.post-15166763434318113392011-01-08T19:58:00.000-08:002011-01-08T20:05:22.357-08:00"classic music history"<b>Zaman Klasik</b> atau <b>Periode Klasik</b> dalam sejarah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat">Barat</a> berlangsung selama sebagian besar <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-18" title="Abad ke-18">abad ke-18</a> sampai dengan awal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19">abad ke-19</a>. Walaupun istilah <i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_klasik" title="Musik klasik">musik klasik</a></i> biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut <i>semua</i> jenis musik dalam tradisi ini, istilah tersebut juga digunakan untuk menyebut musik dari zaman tertentu ini dalam tradisi tersebut. Zaman ini biasanya diberi batas antara tahun 1750 dan 1820, namun dengan batasan tersebut terdapat tumpang tindih dengan zaman sebelum dan sesudahnya, sama seperti pada semua batasan zaman musik yang lain.<br />
Zaman klasik berada di antara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik_Barok" title="Musik Barok">Zaman Barok</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Romantik_%28Musik%29" title="Zaman Romantik (Musik)">Zaman Romantik</a>. Beberapa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komponis" title="Komponis">komponis</a> zaman klasik adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muzio_Clementi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Muzio Clementi (halaman belum tersedia)">Muzio Clementi</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Ladislaus_Dussek&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Johann Ladislaus Dussek (halaman belum tersedia)">Johann Ladislaus Dussek</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Luchesi" title="Andrea Luchesi">Andrea Luchesi</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Antonio Salieri</a> dan <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (halaman belum tersedia)">Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach</a>, walaupun mungkin komponis yang paling terkenal dari zaman ini adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>.<br />
Ciri Musik Pada Zaman Klasik:<br />
<ol><li>Menggunakan peralihan dinamik dari lembut sampai keras atau (cressendo)dan dari keras menjadi lembut(decrssendo).</li>
<li>Perubahan-perubahan tempo dengan percepatan atau (accelerando) dan perlambatan(ritardando).</li>
<li>Hiasan / ornamentik diperhemat pemakaiannya.</li>
<li>Pemakaian akord 3 nada.</li>
</ol><br />
<table class="plainlinks stub noprint" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent;"><tbody>
<tr> <td><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Musical_notes.svg"><img alt="Musical notes.svg" height="30" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/40px-Musical_notes.svg.png" width="40" /></a> </td> <td valign="top"><i>Artikel bertopik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a> ini adalah sebuah <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Klasik_%28Musik%29&action=edit" rel="nofollow">mengembangkannya</a>.</i></td> </tr>
</tbody></table>:<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Contoh.jpg"><img alt="Contoh.jpg" height="297" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/9/90/Contoh.jpg" width="259" /></a><a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Contoh.jpg"><img alt="Contoh.jpg" height="297" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/9/90/Contoh.jpg" width="259" /></a>georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453638140592058455.post-17906311321437017192010-12-30T01:38:00.000-08:002010-12-30T01:38:13.191-08:00the beatles: the beatles<a href="http://baguscrimson.blogspot.com/2010/12/beatles_27.html?spref=bl">the beatles: the beatles</a>georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8453638140592058455.post-2316061584022020492010-12-27T18:49:00.000-08:002010-12-28T19:46:20.229-08:00the beatles<b>The Beatles</b> were an English <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band, formed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in 1960, who are often recognized as the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed act in popular music.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a_0-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnterberger2009a-0">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup> From 1962, the group consisted of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> (rhythm guitar, vocals), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> (bass guitar, vocals), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a> (lead guitar, vocals) and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a> (drums, vocals). Rooted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> and 1950s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, the group later worked in many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genres</a> ranging from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a>, often incorporating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical</a> and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a>" fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s</a>.georgehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08140770396376680436noreply@blogger.com0